Types of Nasal Polyps Explained
Know about the nasal polyps, types, causes, risks, how they affect your health, treatment options and lifestyle/home remedies.
Written by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 12th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Nasal polyps are soft, painless, non-cancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. While they are usually harmless, they can cause discomfort, breathing difficulties, and recurring infections.
Understanding the different types of nasal polyps can help you recognise symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment.
What Are Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps are small, teardrop-shaped swellings that form due to chronic inflammation in the nasal or sinus lining. They can vary in size; some are tiny and go unnoticed, while larger ones can block nasal passages, leading to breathing problems.
Types of Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are broadly classified into two main types:
1. Ethmoidal Polyps
- Location: These polyps grow in the ethmoid sinuses (located between the eyes).
- Appearance: Multiple, grape-like clusters.
- Common in: Adults with chronic sinusitis or allergies.
Symptoms:
- Nasal congestion
- Loss of smell
- Frequent sinus infections
- Postnasal drip
2. Antrochoanal Polyps
- Location: These polyps develop in the maxillary sinuses (cheek area) and extend into the nasal cavity.
- Appearance: Single, large, and often one-sided.
- Common in: Children and young adults.
Symptoms:
- One-sided nasal blockage
- Snoring or mouth breathing
- Rarely, facial pain
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of nasal polyps is unclear, but they are often linked to:
- Chronic sinusitis (long-term inflammation of sinuses)
- Allergies (hay fever, asthma)
- Aspirin sensitivity (in some cases)
- Cystic fibrosis (in children)
- Immune system disorders
- How Do Nasal Polyps Affect Health?
- If left untreated, nasal polyps can lead to:
- Chronic nasal congestion makes breathing difficult.
- Recurring sinus infections due to blocked drainage.
- Sleep disturbances (snoring, sleep apnea).
- Loss of smell and taste affects quality of life.
Diagnosis & Treatment Options
Diagnosis:
- A doctor may perform:
- Nasal endoscopy (a thin, flexible tube with a camera).
- CT scan to check polyp size and location.
- Allergy tests to identify triggers.
Treatment:
The medications include:
Medications:
- Steroid nasal sprays (to shrink polyps).
- Oral steroids (for severe cases).
- Antihistamines (if allergies are a trigger).
Surgery:
- Polypectomy (removal of polyps).
- Endoscopic sinus surgery (for larger or recurring polyps).
Lifestyle & Home Remedies
To manage nasal polyps and prevent recurrence:
- Use a saline rinse daily to keep nasal passages clear.
- Avoid irritants like smoke, dust, and strong perfumes.
- Stay hydrated to thin mucus.
- Control allergies with prescribed medications.
- Use a humidifier to keep the air moist.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult an ENT specialist if you experience:
- Persistent nasal congestion.
- Frequent sinus infections.
- Loss of smell or taste.
- Difficulty breathing through the nose.
Final Thoughts
Nasal polyps can be bothersome, but with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, they can be managed effectively. If you’re experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional to explore the best treatment options for you.
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