Causes and Treatment of Neutropenia
Know about neutropenia, what it is, severity levels, symptoms, causes and treatment options for neutropenia.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 3rd Sep, 2025
Neutropenia is a condition where your body has an abnormally low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting infections. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with neutropenia, you may have questions about what causes it and how it can be treated. This article will help you understand the condition in simple terms and provide useful tips for managing it.
What is Neutropenia?
White blood cells are your body’s defense system against infections. Neutrophils, in particular, are the first responders when harmful bacteria or viruses enter your system. When their count drops below normal (usually less than 1,500 cells per microliter), your immune system weakens, making you more prone to infections.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Severity Levels of Neutropenia
• Mild: 1,000–1,500 cells/µL
• Moderate: 500–1,000 cells/µL
Severe: Below 500 cells/µL
The lower the neutrophil count, the higher the risk of infections.
Common Symptoms of Neutropenia
Neutropenia itself doesn’t always cause symptoms, but the resulting infections can. Watch out for:
• Frequent fevers
• Sore throat or mouth ulcers
• Skin infections (redness, swelling, pus)
• Pneumonia (cough, difficulty breathing)
• Fatigue and weakness
If you experience these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately, especially if you have a known risk of neutropenia.
What Causes Neutropenia?
Several factors can lead to low neutrophil counts, including:
1. Medical Conditions
• Bone marrow disorders (leukaemia, aplastic anaemia)
• Autoimmune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Viral infections (HIV, hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus)
• Vitamin deficiencies (B12, folate, copper)
2. Medications & Treatments
• Chemotherapy (common in cancer patients)
• Antibiotics or antiviral drugs
• Radiation therapy
3. Genetic Factors
• Some people are born with conditions like Kostmann syndrome or cyclic neutropenia, which affect neutrophil production.
4. Lifestyle & Environmental Factors
• Severe malnutrition
• Alcohol abuse
• Exposure to toxins (e.g., benzene, pesticides)
How is Neutropenia Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects neutropenia, they may recommend:
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) – Measures neutrophil levels.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy – Checks for production issues.
• Infection Tests – To identify underlying causes.
Treatment Options for Neutropenia
Treatment depends on the cause and severity. Common approaches include:
1. Medications
• Antibiotics/Antivirals – If an infection is present.
• Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) – Stimulates neutrophil production (used in chemotherapy patients).
• Immunosuppressants – If an autoimmune disease is the cause.
2. Dietary & Lifestyle Changes
• Eat a balanced diet (rich in protein, vitamins B12, folate, and iron).
• Practice good hygiene (frequent handwashing, avoiding sick people).
• Avoid raw/undercooked foods (to prevent infections).
• Stay hydrated and exercise moderately (boosts immunity).
3. Hospital Care (for Severe Cases)
• IV antibiotics for serious infections.
• Isolation precautions to prevent exposure to germs.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical help if you have:
• Persistent fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C)
• Severe mouth sores or difficulty swallowing
• Unexplained fatigue or weakness
• Signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus)
If you’re undergoing chemotherapy or have a chronic condition, regular monitoring is essential.
Final Thoughts
Neutropenia can be concerning, but with the right care, infections can be prevented and managed effectively. If you suspect low neutrophil levels, consult a doctor and get tested early.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
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Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr. Tanmaya Kumar Sahu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS, MD ( Internal Medicine )
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Vandana Malik
General Practitioner
8 Years • MBBS, FAM
Noida
Skinlogics Clinic, Noida
Dr. Om Prakash Prasad
General Practitioner
40 Years • MBBS, PGDHHM
Kolkata
Dr Hazra's Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Swati Hanmanthappa
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Electronic City, Bengaluru
Dr. Pradeep Sankle
General Practitioner
17 Years • MBBS
Bhopal
Wellness Clinic., Bhopal