Understanding the Stages of Osteoarthritis
Learn about the four stages of osteoarthritis, from early symptoms to advanced joint damage. Discover causes, treatments, and practical tips to manage pain and protect your joints.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 6th Aug, 2025
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Understanding the stages of osteoarthritis can help you recognise early signs, manage symptoms, and take steps to slow its progression.
This guide will walk you through the different stages of OA, their symptoms, causes, and practical tips to maintain joint health.
What Is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is often called "wear-and-tear" arthritis because it develops gradually as cartilage breaks down. Unlike other forms of arthritis, OA is not caused by inflammation but by the natural ageing process, joint overuse, or injury.
Commonly Affected Joints:
Knees
Hips
Hands (especially fingers and thumbs)
Spine (neck and lower back)
The 4 Stages of Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis progresses in stages, from mild to severe. Recognising these stages can help you take action early.
Stage 1: Minor (Early Osteoarthritis)
Symptoms:
Occasional stiffness or mild discomfort after activity
No significant pain or swelling
X-rays may show slight bone spur growth (tiny bony projections)
What You Can Do:
Stay active with low-impact exercises (walking, swimming, yoga)
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint stress
Consider gentle stretching to improve flexibility
Stage 2: Mild Osteoarthritis
Symptoms:
More frequent stiffness, especially after sitting for long periods
Mild pain during or after movement
X-rays may show more noticeable bone spurs and cartilage thinning
What You Can Do:
Use over-the-counter pain relievers (like acetaminophen) if needed
Try heat or cold therapy for relief
Strengthen muscles around the joint with light exercises
Stage 3: Moderate Osteoarthritis
Symptoms:
Frequent pain during movement or even at rest
Swelling and tenderness in the joint
Reduced flexibility and difficulty performing daily tasks
X-rays show significant cartilage loss and bone changes
What You Can Do:
Consult a doctor for stronger pain management options
Physical therapy to improve joint function
Consider assistive devices (braces, canes) for support
Consult Top Specialist
Stage 4: Severe Osteoarthritis
Symptoms:
Constant pain, even without movement
Severe stiffness and limited mobility
Joint deformity in some cases
X-rays show almost no cartilage left, with bones rubbing against each other
What You Can Do:
Discuss surgical options (joint replacement) with a specialist
Follow a structured pain management plan
Use mobility aids to maintain independence
What Causes Osteoarthritis?
While ageing is the most common cause, other factors can contribute:
Joint Overuse: Repetitive movements (e.g., athletes, manual labourers)
Obesity: Extra weight puts pressure on joints
Previous Injuries: Fractures or ligament damage can increase OA risk
Genetics: A Family history of arthritis may play a role
Other Conditions: Diabetes or gout can accelerate joint damage
How to Manage Osteoarthritis
While OA cannot be reversed, you can slow its progression and improve quality of life with these tips:
1. Stay Active (But Choose Wisely!)
Low-impact exercises (swimming, cycling, walking) strengthen muscles without straining joints.
Avoid high-impact activities like running or jumping.
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Losing even a few pounds can reduce stress on knees and hips.
3. Eat a Joint-Friendly Diet
Anti-inflammatory foods: Fish (rich in omega-3s), nuts, leafy greens, berries.
Calcium & Vitamin D: Supports bone health (milk, yoghurt, fortified cereals).
Avoid processed foods: Excess sugar and fried foods can worsen inflammation.
Consult Top Specialist
4. Use Pain Relief Strategies
Heat therapy (warm baths, heating pads) for stiffness.
Cold packs for swelling and acute pain.
Over-the-counter medications (consult a doctor before long-term use).
5. Consider Physical Therapy
A therapist can teach exercises to improve joint function and reduce pain.
6. Explore Medical Treatments
Injections: Cortisone or hyaluronic acid for severe pain.
Surgery: Joint replacement may be an option for advanced OA.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience:
Persistent joint pain that interferes with daily life
Swelling, redness, or warmth around the joint
Difficulty moving or performing routine tasks
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively.
Need Help? Book a Consultation Today!
If you suspect osteoarthritis or need expert advice, Apollo24|7 offers easy online consultations with specialists. Schedule an appointment today to get personalised care.
Conclusion
Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition, but with the right approach, you can stay active and comfortable. By understanding the stages, making lifestyle adjustments, and seeking timely medical advice, you can take control of your joint health.
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