Understanding Ovarian Cancer and Its Causes
Gain a comprehensive understanding of ovarian cancer, including its complex causes, key risk factors, and the latest insights into what contributes to its development. Empower yourself with knowledge on this important women's health issue.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Ovarian cancer is a serious health condition that affects thousands of women worldwide. While it may not be as commonly discussed as breast or cervical cancer, it is just as important to understand its causes, symptoms, and preventive measures. This article aims to provide clear, compassionate, and easy to understand information about ovarian cancer, helping you stay informed and proactive about your health.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system and are responsible for producing eggs (ova) as well as hormones like estrogen and progesterone. If left untreated, ovarian cancer can spread to other parts of the body, making early detection crucial.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
There are three main types of ovarian cancer:
- Epithelial Ovarian Cancer – The most common type, accounting for about 90% of cases. It begins in the cells covering the outer surface of the ovaries.
- Germ Cell Ovarian Cancer – A rare type that starts in the egg-producing cells. It is more common in younger women.
- Stromal Ovarian Cancer – Develops in the ovarian tissue that produces hormones. This type is also rare.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" because symptoms may not appear until the disease has progressed. However, some early warning signs include:
- Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Frequent urination or urgency
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
If you experience these symptoms persistently for more than two weeks, consult a doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, certain factors increase the risk:
1. Age – Most cases occur in women over 50, particularly after menopause.
2. Family History – A family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer increases risk.
3. Genetic Mutations – Inherited gene changes (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2) can raise the risk.
4. Hormonal Factors – Early menstruation (before age 12) or late menopause (after age 52) may contribute.
5. Reproductive History – Women who have never been pregnant or had children after 35 may have a higher risk.
6. Endometriosis – A condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, increasing ovarian cancer risk.
7. Obesity – Being overweight may increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.
How Does Ovarian Cancer Affect Health?
Ovarian cancer can significantly impact a woman’s physical and emotional wellbeing. As the disease progresses, it may lead to:
- Chronic pain in the abdomen or pelvis
- Digestive issues like nausea or loss of appetite
- Fatigue and weakness due to cancer-related anemia
- Emotional distress, including anxiety and depression
Early detection improves treatment outcomes, so awareness is key.
Prevention and Management Tips
While ovarian cancer cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes may help reduce risk:
1. Healthy Diet – Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit processed foods.
2. Regular Exercise – Staying active helps maintain a healthy weight and boosts immunity.
3. Avoid Smoking – Smoking is linked to many cancers, including ovarian cancer.
4. Birth Control Pills – Long-term use of oral contraceptives may lower risk (consult your doctor).
5. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding – These may reduce ovarian cancer risk.
6. Genetic Counseling – If you have a family history, genetic testing can assess your risk.
Consult Top Physician
When to See a Doctor?
If you notice persistent symptoms or have risk factors, consult a gynecologist or oncologist. Early diagnosis improves treatment success.
Book a Consultation with Apollo 24|7
If you have concerns about ovarian cancer or need expert advice, Apollo 24|7 offers easy online consultations with experienced doctors. You can also schedule tests like pelvic ultrasounds or CA-125 blood tests (a marker for ovarian cancer) through the platform.
Take charge of your health today—early detection saves lives!
Final Thoughts
Ovarian cancer is a challenging disease, but awareness and early action can make a difference. By understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures, you can take steps to protect your health. If you or a loved one experiences symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Stay informed, stay healthy!
Consult Top Physician
Consult Top Physician
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Dhanraj K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
25 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine - Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult Top Physician
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Dhanraj K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
25 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine - Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
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