Understanding Maternal Obesity And Its Effects
Understand maternal obesity and its effects on pregnancy, baby’s health, and long-term wellness, with prevention and management tips.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 23rd Jul, 2025
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it also comes with unique health challenges—especially for women who are overweight or obese. Maternal obesity refers to a condition where a woman has a high body mass index (BMI) before or during pregnancy. This can affect both the mother and the baby’s health. If you or someone you know is planning a pregnancy or already expecting, understanding maternal obesity can help in taking the right steps for a healthier pregnancy.
What Is Maternal Obesity?
Maternal obesity is defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher before or during pregnancy. BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. Obesity can be classified into different categories:
Class 1 Obesity: BMI 30–34.9
Class 2 Obesity: BMI 35–39.9
Class 3 Obesity (Severe Obesity): BMI 40 or higher
Being overweight or obese during pregnancy increases the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. However, with the right care and lifestyle changes, many of these risks can be managed effectively.
How Does Maternal Obesity Affect Pregnancy?
Maternal obesity can lead to several health concerns, including:
For the Mother:
Gestational Diabetes: High blood sugar during pregnancy, which can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes later.
High Blood Pressure (Preeclampsia): A serious condition that can harm both mother and baby if untreated.
Increased Risk of C-Section: Obesity can make vaginal delivery more difficult, leading to higher chances of cesarean delivery.
Blood Clots: Obesity increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during or after pregnancy.
Sleep Apnea: Breathing problems during sleep, which can affect overall health.
For the Baby:
Macrosomia (Large Baby): A higher birth weight can make delivery difficult and increase the risk of injuries.
Premature Birth: Babies born before 37 weeks may face health challenges.
Birth Defects: Higher risk of neural tube defects (like spina bifida) and heart problems.
Childhood Obesity: Babies born to obese mothers are more likely to develop obesity later in life.
What Causes Maternal Obesity?
Several factors contribute to obesity before or during pregnancy:
Poor Diet: Eating high-calorie, low-nutrient foods.
Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyle with minimal exercise.
Genetics: Family history of obesity can play a role.
Hormonal Changes: Conditions like PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) can contribute to weight gain.
Stress and Emotional Eating: Using food as a coping mechanism for stress.
How Can You Manage Maternal Obesity for a Healthier Pregnancy?
If you are planning a pregnancy or are already pregnant, here are some steps to manage obesity and reduce risks:
1. Pre-Pregnancy Weight Management
If you’re planning a pregnancy, try to reach a healthier weight beforehand.
Consult a doctor or nutritionist for a safe weight loss plan.
2. Balanced Diet
Focus on whole foods like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.
Avoid processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive fats.
Eat small, frequent meals to maintain energy levels.
Consult Top Nutritionists For A Personalised Diet
3. Safe Exercise
Engage in moderate activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga (after consulting your doctor).
Aim for at least 30 minutes of activity most days.
4. Regular Prenatal Checkups
Frequent visits to your doctor help monitor your and your baby’s health.
Tests for gestational diabetes and blood pressure should be done as advised.
5. Mental Well-being
Pregnancy can be stressful; practice relaxation techniques like meditation.
Seek support from family, friends, or a counsellor if needed.
6. Postpartum Care
After delivery, focus on gradual weight loss through healthy eating and exercise.
Breastfeeding can help with postpartum weight loss.
When to Seek Medical Help?
If you are obese and pregnant, it’s important to work closely with your healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
Severe headaches or vision changes (signs of preeclampsia).
Unusual swelling in hands or feet.
High blood sugar levels (extreme thirst, frequent urination).
Difficulty breathing or chest pain.
How Apollo 24|7 Can Help
At Apollo 24|7, we provide comprehensive care for maternal health, including:
Expert consultations with obstetricians and nutritionists.
Personalised diet and fitness plans for a healthy pregnancy.
Regular monitoring for gestational diabetes and hypertension.
If you’re planning a pregnancy or need guidance on managing obesity during pregnancy, book a consultation today through the Apollo 24|7 app or website.
Conclusion
Maternal obesity is a serious but manageable condition. With the right care, diet, and lifestyle changes, you can have a healthy pregnancy and give your baby the best start in life. Remember, small steps toward better health today can lead to a brighter tomorrow for both you and your little one.
Consult Top Nutritionists
Consult Top Nutritionists For A Personalised Diet
Ms. Lakshmi Tejasvi
Clinical Nutritionist
14 Years • M.Sc - Clinical Nutrition
Hyderabad
Vibgyor Nutri, Hyderabad
Dt. Ila Sharma
Clinical Nutritionist
18 Years • Master in food & Nutrition
Gurugram
VIPUL GREENS - SOCIETY CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Mrs Sneha P V
Nutritionist
10 Years • Master of science in Food and Nutrition
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
Consult Top Nutritionists
Ms. Lakshmi Tejasvi
Clinical Nutritionist
14 Years • M.Sc - Clinical Nutrition
Hyderabad
Vibgyor Nutri, Hyderabad
Dt. Ila Sharma
Clinical Nutritionist
18 Years • Master in food & Nutrition
Gurugram
VIPUL GREENS - SOCIETY CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr Sumanth R
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Mrs Sneha P V
Nutritionist
10 Years • Master of science in Food and Nutrition
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, Sarjapur Road, Bengaluru
