Psoriatic Arthritis: Overview of Symptoms and Treatment
Know all about psoriatic arthritis, what it is, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options. Learn how to live with psoriatic arthritis and more.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 3rd Sep, 2025
Introduction
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects both the skin and joints. If you or someone you know has psoriasis (a skin condition causing red, scaly patches), there’s a chance they may develop psoriatic arthritis. This condition can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, making daily activities challenging.
With the right treatment and lifestyle changes, PsA can be managed effectively. This article will help you understand the symptoms, causes, and treatment options so you can take control of your health.
What is Psoriatic Arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joints and skin, leading to inflammation. It typically occurs in people who already have psoriasis, though in some cases, joint problems may appear before skin symptoms.
PsA can affect any joint in the body, including fingers, toes, knees, and the spine. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent joint damage, so early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Consult a Rheumatologist for Personalised Advice
Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis
The symptoms of PsA vary from person to person but commonly include:
• Joint pain and stiffness – Often worse in the morning or after rest.
• Swollen fingers or toes – Sometimes referred to as "sausage digits" (dactylitis).
• Lower back pain – Inflammation in the spine (spondylitis) can cause stiffness.
• Nail changes – Pitting, thickening, or separation from the nail bed.
• Fatigue – Feeling unusually tired due to chronic inflammation.
• Eye problems – Redness, pain, or blurred vision (uveitis).
• Skin patches – Red, scaly psoriasis plaques, especially on elbows, knees, or scalp.
Symptoms may flare up (worsen) and then improve, making it important to track them and discuss them with a doctor.
What Causes Psoriatic Arthritis?
The exact cause of PsA is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
• Genetics – A family history of psoriasis or PsA increases risk.
• Immune system dysfunction – The body attacks its own tissues.
• Environmental triggers – Infections, stress, or injuries may trigger PsA in susceptible individuals.
How is Psoriatic Arthritis Diagnosed?
There’s no single test for PsA, so doctors use a combination of:
• Medical history – Checking for psoriasis or joint symptoms.
• Physical exam – Looking for swollen joints, nail changes, or skin patches.
• Blood tests – To rule out other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
• Imaging tests – X-rays or MRIs to detect joint damage.
If you suspect PsA, consult a rheumatologist (a specialist in joint diseases) for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options for Psoriatic Arthritis
While there’s no cure for PsA, treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage. Your doctor may recommend:
1. Medications
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) – Reduce pain and inflammation.
• DMARDs (e.g., methotrexate) – Slow disease progression.
• Biologics (e.g., TNF inhibitors) – Target specific immune responses.
• Steroid injections – Provide short-term relief for swollen joints.
2. Lifestyle Changes
• Exercise regularly – Low-impact activities like swimming or yoga help maintain joint flexibility.
• Maintain a healthy weight – Extra weight puts stress on joints.
• Eat an anti-inflammatory diet – Include fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains; avoid processed foods.
• Manage stress – Meditation and relaxation techniques can reduce flare-ups.
3. Physical Therapy
• A physiotherapist can teach exercises to strengthen muscles and improve joint function.
4. Alternative Therapies
• Some people find relief with acupuncture, massage, or supplements like omega-3 fatty acids (always consult your doctor first).
When to See a Doctor?
If you have psoriasis and experience joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, don’t ignore it. Early treatment can prevent long-term damage.
Living Well with Psoriatic Arthritis
PsA is a lifelong condition, but with proper care, you can lead an active and fulfilling life. Key tips:
• Stay active – Movement reduces stiffness.
• Follow your treatment plan – Take medications as prescribed.
• Monitor symptoms – Keep track of flare-ups and discuss them with your doctor.
• Join a support group – Connecting with others who have PsA can provide emotional support.
Final Thoughts
Psoriatic arthritis can be challenging, but understanding the condition and working closely with your healthcare team can make a big difference. If you suspect you have PsA, don’t wait—seek medical advice early to protect your joints and improve your quality of life.
Consult a Rheumatologist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Rheumatologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Thorana Prakash M
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Zulkarnain
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Ramesh Ramamoorthy
Rheumatologist
20 Years • MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Rheumatology)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
Dr. Arup Kumar Sahu
Rheumatologist
19 Years • MD (Medicine) (Cal), FACR, ECFMG Certificate (USA), Internal Medicine & Rheumatology DNB Faculty & Thesis guide (Dept of Medicine), European Certificate of Rheumatology , EULAR Certificate (Rheumatic Diseases & Paediatric Rheumatology) (Europe)
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(100+ Patients)
Consult a Rheumatologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Thorana Prakash M
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Zulkarnain
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Ramesh Ramamoorthy
Rheumatologist
20 Years • MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Rheumatology)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
Dr. Arup Kumar Sahu
Rheumatologist
19 Years • MD (Medicine) (Cal), FACR, ECFMG Certificate (USA), Internal Medicine & Rheumatology DNB Faculty & Thesis guide (Dept of Medicine), European Certificate of Rheumatology , EULAR Certificate (Rheumatic Diseases & Paediatric Rheumatology) (Europe)
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(100+ Patients)