Understanding Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms and Treatment
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious condition caused by blood clots in the lungs. Learn about its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention tips for better recovery and care.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair MBBS
Last updated on 3rd Sep, 2025
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. This can reduce blood flow to the lungs, making it difficult to breathe and even life-threatening if not treated promptly. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with PE or is at risk, understanding the condition, its symptoms, and treatment options can help you take the right steps toward recovery.
What is Pulmonary Embolism?
A pulmonary embolism happens when a blood clot (usually from the legs or pelvis) breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. This clot blocks blood flow, preventing oxygen from reaching lung tissues. PE can range from mild to severe, depending on the size of the clot and how much of the lung is affected.
Common Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
Recognizing the symptoms early can be life-saving. Some common signs include:
Sudden shortness of breath (even at rest)
Sharp chest pain (worsens with deep breaths or coughing)
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Coughing up blood
Lightheadedness or fainting
Excessive sweating
Bluish lips or fingertips (due to low oxygen levels)
If you experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical help immediately.
What Causes Pulmonary Embolism?
PE is often caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where blood clots form in deep veins, usually in the legs. These clots can break loose and travel to the lungs. Risk factors include:
Prolonged immobility (long flights, bed rest after surgery)
Surgery or injury (especially involving legs or pelvis)
Certain medical conditions (heart disease, cancer, clotting disorders)
Pregnancy and childbirth (increased pressure on veins)
Hormonal medications (birth control pills, hormone therapy)
Smoking and obesity
How is Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed?
Doctors use several tests to confirm PE, including:
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) – A special scan to detect clots in the lungs.
D-dimer blood test – Checks for clotting activity.
Ultrasound (Doppler) – Detects clots in leg veins (DVT).
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan – Measures air and blood flow in the lungs.
If you suspect PE, don’t delay—early diagnosis improves outcomes.
Treatment Options for Pulmonary Embolism
Treatment focuses on preventing the clot from growing and stopping new clots from forming. Common approaches include:
1. Blood Thinners (Anticoagulants)
Medications like heparin, warfarin, or DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban) help prevent further clotting.
Treatment may last for months or longer, depending on risk factors.
Consult a Specialist for Personalised Advice
2. Clot Dissolvers (Thrombolytics)
Used in severe cases to quickly dissolve clots (e.g., alteplase).
Given in emergencies when blood flow to the lungs is severely blocked.
3. Surgical or Minimally Invasive Procedures
Catheter-directed thrombolysis – A thin tube delivers clot-dissolving medicine directly to the clot.
Surgical embolectomy – Rarely, surgery is needed to remove large clots.
4. Compression Stockings
Helps prevent leg swelling and reduces the risk of future clots.
Recovery and Lifestyle Changes
Recovering from PE takes time, but these steps can help:
Stay Active (as advised by your doctor) – Gentle movement improves circulation.
Stay Hydrated – Helps prevent blood from thickening.
Avoid Long Periods of Sitting – Take breaks during travel or desk work.
Quit Smoking – Smoking increases clotting risks.
Maintain a Healthy Weight – Reduces strain on veins.
Follow Medication Instructions – Never stop blood thinners without consulting your doctor.
When to Seek Help?
Call emergency services if you experience:
Sudden chest pain & difficulty breathing
Coughing up blood
Fainting or severe dizziness
Can Pulmonary Embolism Be Prevented?
Yes! If you're at risk, take these precautions:
Move regularly – Stretch legs during long flights or car rides.
Stay hydrated – Drink plenty of water.
Wear compression stockings – If recommended by a doctor.
Follow post-surgery guidelines – Early movement after surgery reduces risks.
Need Expert Advice?
If you or someone you know has symptoms of PE or a history of blood clots, consult a specialist immediately. Early treatment can save lives.
Final Thoughts
Pulmonary embolism is a serious but treatable condition. Knowing the warning signs and acting fast can make all the difference. If you have concerns about your risk factors, talk to your doctor about prevention strategies. Would you like to schedule a check-up or discuss your symptoms with a specialist? Visit Apollo 24|7 today for trusted healthcare support.
Consult a Specialist for Personalised Advice
Consult a Specialist for Personalised Advice
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