Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Explained
Understand the comprehensive process of diagnosing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Learn about the key tests, symptoms, and criteria doctors use to identify RA for accurate and early management.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 19th Aug, 2025
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long term joint damage and improve quality of life.
If you or a loved one are experiencing joint discomfort, this guide will help you understand how RA is diagnosed, what tests are involved, and what steps you can take next.
Symptoms That May Suggest Rheumatoid Arthritis
RA often starts with subtle symptoms that gradually worsen. Common signs include:
- Joint pain and stiffness, especially in the morning or after inactivity
- Swelling and tenderness in small joints (fingers, wrists, toes)
- Symmetrical joint involvement (both sides of the body affected)
- Fatigue, low grade fever, and general weakness
- Reduced range of motion over time
If these symptoms persist for more than six weeks, it’s important to consult a doctor.
How is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing RA involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Since there’s no single test for RA, doctors rely on multiple factors to confirm the diagnosis.
1. Medical History and Physical Examination
Your doctor will ask about:
- Duration and pattern of joint pain
- Family history of autoimmune diseases
- Other symptoms like fatigue or fever
During the physical exam, they will check for:
- Swelling, warmth, or redness in joints
- Joint tenderness and range of motion
2. Blood Tests
Several blood tests help detect inflammation and autoimmune activity:
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF): Found in about 7080% of RA patients, but some healthy people may also have it.
- Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP): More specific to RA and helps in early diagnosis.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) & CReactive Protein (CRP): Measure inflammation levels.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Checks for anemia, which is common in RA.
3. Imaging Tests
- X Rays: Detect joint damage in later stages.
- Ultrasound or MRI: Can show early inflammation before X Rays do.
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Why Early Diagnosis Matters?
RA can cause irreversible joint damage if left untreated. Early diagnosis allows for:
- Better disease control with medications
- Reduced pain and disability
- Lower risk of complications (heart disease, lung issues)
Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis
While there’s no cure for RA, proper treatment can slow its progression and improve daily life.
1. Medications
- Disease Modifying AntiRheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): Slow disease progression (e.g., Methotrexate).
- Biologics: Target specific parts of the immune system.
- Pain Relievers & Steroids: Reduce inflammation and discomfort.
2. Lifestyle Changes
- Regular Exercise: Low Impact activities like swimming or yoga help maintain joint flexibility.
- Healthy Diet: Anti Inflammatory foods (fish, nuts, leafy greens) may reduce symptoms.
- Rest & Stress Management: Fatigue worsens RA, so adequate rest is essential.
3. Physical Therapy
- A physiotherapist can suggest exercises to strengthen muscles and improve joint function.
When to See a Doctor?
- If you experience persistent joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, don’t ignore it. Early intervention makes a big difference.
Book a Consultation with Apollo 24|7
If you suspect RA or need expert advice, Apollo 24|7 offers:
- Consultations with rheumatologists
- Lab tests for accurate diagnosis
- Personalized treatment plans
You can easily book an appointment online and get the right care from the comfort of your home.
Final Thoughts
Rheumatoid arthritis is a manageable condition with the right diagnosis and treatment. If you notice symptoms, seek medical help early to protect your joints and maintain an active life.
Remember, you’re not alone—millions live well with RA by following their treatment plan and making healthy lifestyle choices. Stay informed, stay proactive, and take control of your health!
Would you like to schedule a test or speak to a specialist? Visit Apollo 24|7 today for expert guidance.
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Consult a Top Physician
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Chethan T L
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, MD, DNB (General Medicine)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr.lakshmi Narayana Kapu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, DNB
Visakhapatnam
Apollo Hospitals Ramnagar Vizag, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi