Scoliosis Overview: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Learn about scoliosis, a condition causing an abnormal curvature of the spine. Discover its types, symptoms, possible causes, and available treatment options to manage the condition and improve posture and quality of life.
Introduction
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, forming an "S" or "C" shape instead of being straight. While mild cases may not cause major problems, severe scoliosis can lead to discomfort, pain, and even breathing difficulties. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with scoliosis, understanding the condition can help in managing it better.
What is Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine that can develop in children, teenagers, or adults. The spine naturally has slight curves, but when it bends sideways by more than 10 degrees, it is considered scoliosis.
Consult a Spine Surgeon for the best advice
Types of Scoliosis
Scoliosis can develop in different forms, each with unique causes and characteristics.
1. Idiopathic Scoliosis – The most common type (80% of cases) with no known cause, often seen in adolescents.
2. Congenital Scoliosis – Present at birth due to abnormal spinal development.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Caused by conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
4. Degenerative Scoliosis – Occurs in older adults due to wear and tear on the spine.
Symptoms of Scoliosis
Many people with mild scoliosis may not notice symptoms, but signs to watch for include:
- Uneven shoulders or waist
- One hip higher than the other
- A prominent shoulder blade
- Leaning to one side while standing
- Back pain or stiffness (more common in adults)
- Fatigue after long periods of sitting or standing
In severe cases, scoliosis can affect lung and heart function due to rib cage distortion.
What Causes Scoliosis?
The exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown, but factors may include:
- Genetics – It often runs in families.
- Growth spurts – Rapid growth during puberty can worsen curvature.
- Neuromuscular conditions – Diseases affecting muscles and nerves can lead to scoliosis.
- Age-related changes – Arthritis and spinal degeneration can cause curvature in older adults.
How is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose scoliosis through:
- Physical Exam – Checking for uneven shoulders, hips, or rib humps.
- X-rays – To measure the degree of spinal curvature.
- MRI or CT Scan – If nerve-related issues are suspected.
Early detection, especially in children, helps in better management.
Treatment Options for Scoliosis
Treatment depends on age, curve severity, and progression risk:
1. Observation (Mild Cases)
For curves under 20 degrees, doctors may monitor with regular check-ups.
2. Bracing (Moderate Cases)
Wearing a brace can prevent worsening in growing children (curves between 20-40 degrees).
3. Physical Therapy & Exercises
Strengthening and stretching exercises (like Schroth method) help improve posture and reduce discomfort.
4. Surgery (Severe Cases)
Spinal fusion surgery may be needed for curves over 40-50 degrees to straighten the spine.
Lifestyle & Home Care Tips
While scoliosis cannot always be prevented, these steps can help manage symptoms:
- Stay Active – Swimming, yoga, and core-strengthening exercises support spinal health.
- Maintain Good Posture – Avoid slouching while sitting or standing.
- Use Ergonomic Supports – A supportive chair or mattress can ease discomfort.
- Regular Check-ups – Especially for growing children, to monitor curve progression.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a specialist if you notice:
- Visible spinal curve in a child or teen.
- Worsening back pain or posture changes.
- Difficulty breathing (in severe cases).
Early intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Final Thoughts
Scoliosis is manageable with the right approach, whether through observation, bracing, therapy, or surgery. Staying informed and proactive helps maintain a healthy spine and an active life. If you have concerns, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Consult a Spine Surgeon for the best advice
Consult a Spine Surgeon for the best advice
Dr. Gopal Achari
Neurosurgeon
20 Years • MBBS, MS (GEN SUR), MCH (NEURO SUR)
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
Dr. V Bramha Prasad
Spine Surgeon
21 Years • Mch (Neuro Surgery) from NIMS, FIPM, FINR, Fellowship in Spine Surgery (France), Fellowship in Interventional Pain Management (Apollo Chennai) Fellowship in Interventional Neuro Radiology (Switzerland) Member of North American Spine Society ECFMG Certified – USA
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(100+ Patients)
Dr Debnath Dwaipayan
Neurosurgeon
9 Years • MBBS, MS(Gen. Surgery), DrNB (Neurosurgery)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Joy Verghese
Neurosurgeon
21 Years • MBBS, MS, MCH (Neuro surg. ), FMVS, FSS, FINR, MCH Neurosurgery (Mumbai University), FINR (Zurich University, Switzerland)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(125+ Patients)
Dr. K. Appaji Krishnan
Spine Surgeon
20 Years • MBBS, D.Ortho, DNB Orthopaedics, Fellowship in Spine surgery
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(50+ Patients)
Consult a Spine Surgeon for the best advice
Dr. Gopal Achari
Neurosurgeon
20 Years • MBBS, MS (GEN SUR), MCH (NEURO SUR)
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
Dr. V Bramha Prasad
Spine Surgeon
21 Years • Mch (Neuro Surgery) from NIMS, FIPM, FINR, Fellowship in Spine Surgery (France), Fellowship in Interventional Pain Management (Apollo Chennai) Fellowship in Interventional Neuro Radiology (Switzerland) Member of North American Spine Society ECFMG Certified – USA
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(100+ Patients)
Dr Debnath Dwaipayan
Neurosurgeon
9 Years • MBBS, MS(Gen. Surgery), DrNB (Neurosurgery)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr. Joy Verghese
Neurosurgeon
21 Years • MBBS, MS, MCH (Neuro surg. ), FMVS, FSS, FINR, MCH Neurosurgery (Mumbai University), FINR (Zurich University, Switzerland)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(125+ Patients)
Dr. K. Appaji Krishnan
Spine Surgeon
20 Years • MBBS, D.Ortho, DNB Orthopaedics, Fellowship in Spine surgery
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(50+ Patients)
