Sjogren's Syndrome Overview and Management
Discover Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune disorder affecting moisture-producing glands. Learn its symptoms, causes, impact on health, and management strategies for better quality of life.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
Living with a chronic condition can be challenging, but understanding it better can help you manage it effectively. Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects moisture-producing glands, leading to symptoms like dry eyes and dry mouth. While there is no cure, proper management can significantly improve your quality of life.
What is Sjogren’s Syndrome?
Sjogren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands, such as those in the eyes and mouth. This results in reduced saliva and tear production, leading to persistent dryness.
The condition can occur alone (primary Sjogren’s) or alongside other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (secondary Sjogren’s). While it mostly affects women over 40, it can occur in anyone.
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Common Symptoms
The most noticeable symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome include:
- Dry eyes – A gritty or burning sensation, redness, and sensitivity to light.
- Dry mouth – Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or tasting food; increased dental problems.
- Fatigue – Persistent tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
- Joint pain and stiffness – Similar to arthritis.
- Dry skin and rashes – Skin may feel rough or itchy.
- Vaginal dryness – Leading to discomfort.
- Swollen salivary glands – Particularly around the jaw and ears.
Some people may also experience systemic symptoms like lung, kidney, or nerve issues.
What Causes Sjogren’s Syndrome?
The exact cause is unknown, but factors that may contribute include:
- Genetics – A family history of autoimmune diseases increases risk.
- Environmental triggers – Viral or bacterial infections may activate the immune response.
- Hormonal factors – Since women are more affected, hormones may play a role.
How Does It Affect Health?
If left unmanaged, Sjogren’s syndrome can lead to complications such as:
- Dental problems – Lack of saliva increases tooth decay and gum disease.
- Eye damage – Severe dryness can cause corneal ulcers or infections.
- Lung or kidney issues – In rare cases, inflammation may affect other organs.
- Increased risk of lymphoma – A small percentage may develop this cancer.
Managing Sjogren’s Syndrome
While there’s no cure, treatments focus on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Here are some helpful strategies:
1. Managing Dry Eyes
- Use artificial tears (preservative-free) frequently.
- Try eye ointments at night for severe dryness.
- Wear wraparound sunglasses to protect from wind and dust.
- Consider punctal plugs (tiny inserts that block tear drainage).
2. Relieving Dry Mouth
- Sip water throughout the day.
- Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free candies to stimulate saliva.
- Use saliva substitutes (available as sprays or gels).
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and smoking, as they worsen dryness.
3. Diet and Lifestyle Adjustments
- Eat soft, moist foods (soups, yogurt) if swallowing is difficult.
- Include omega-3 fatty acids (flaxseeds, fish) to reduce inflammation.
- Stay hydrated; limit salty or spicy foods that increase dryness.
- Use a humidifier at home to add moisture to the air.
4. Medications
- Pilocarpine or Cevimeline – Stimulate saliva and tear production.
- NSAIDs – For joint pain and inflammation.
- Immunosuppressants – For severe cases affecting organs.
5. Dental Care
- Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings.
- Use fluoride toothpaste and alcohol-free mouthwash.
- Consider prescription toothpaste for dry mouth.
6. Managing Fatigue
- Prioritize rest and gentle exercise (yoga, walking).
- Practice stress management (meditation, deep breathing).
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent dryness, fatigue, or joint pain, consult a rheumatologist. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.
Final Thoughts
Living with Sjogren’s syndrome requires adjustments, but with the right care, you can lead a fulfilling life. Stay proactive with symptom management, follow medical advice, and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Remember, you’re not alone; support groups and healthcare professionals are here to help. Take small steps every day to stay comfortable and well!
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Zulkarnain
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Ankit Patowari
Rheumatologist
6 Years • MBBS, MD MEDICINE, DM RHEUMATOLOGY
Guwahati
Apollo Clinic Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati
Dr. Brig K Shanmuganandan
Rheumatologist
20 Years • MBBS, MD (Med.), DNB (Med.), Fellow (Rheuma.)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(450+ Patients)
Dr. Ramineni Naga Tejaswini
Rheumatologist
3 Years • MBBS, DNB(Internal Medicine), DrNB ( Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills Hyderabad, Hyderabad
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Zulkarnain
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Ankit Patowari
Rheumatologist
6 Years • MBBS, MD MEDICINE, DM RHEUMATOLOGY
Guwahati
Apollo Clinic Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati
Dr. Brig K Shanmuganandan
Rheumatologist
20 Years • MBBS, MD (Med.), DNB (Med.), Fellow (Rheuma.)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(450+ Patients)
Dr. Ramineni Naga Tejaswini
Rheumatologist
3 Years • MBBS, DNB(Internal Medicine), DrNB ( Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills Hyderabad, Hyderabad