HIV and Sore Throat: Key Information
Know about sore throat and HIV relation, impact on immune system, common causes of sore throat, managing both the diseases and preventive measures.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. J T Hema Pratima MBBS, Fellowship in Diabetes Mellitus
Last updated on 12th Aug, 2025
Introduction
If you're living with HIV or concerned about it, you may wonder how it relates to common symptoms like a sore throat. While a sore throat can happen to anyone, for people with HIV, it may sometimes indicate something more serious. This article will help you understand the connection between HIV and sore throat, when to seek medical help, and how to manage it effectively.
Understanding HIV and Its Impact on the Immune System
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells, which help fight infections. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), making the body vulnerable to infections and illnesses that a healthy immune system would normally handle.
A sore throat can be a minor issue caused by a cold or flu, but in people with HIV, it might also signal an opportunistic infection which is an infection that takes advantage of a weakened immune system.
Consult ENT specialist for Personalised Advice
Common Causes of Sore Throat in People with HIV
1. Viral Infections (Common Cold, Flu, or COVID-19)
Just like anyone else, people with HIV can get viral infections that cause a sore throat.
2. Bacterial Infections (Strep Throat or Tonsillitis)
Bacterial infections may require antibiotics, especially if the immune system is weakened.
3. Oral Thrush (Fungal Infection)
A yeast infection caused by Candida can lead to white patches in the mouth and throat, along with discomfort.
4. Opportunistic Infections (Esophageal Candidiasis or CMV)
In advanced HIV, fungal or viral infections can affect the throat, causing severe pain and difficulty swallowing.
5. HIV Itself (Acute HIV Infection)
In the early stages of HIV (2-4 weeks after exposure), flu-like symptoms, including sore throat, fever, and swollen glands, may appear.
When Should You Be Concerned?
A sore throat is usually not serious, but if you have HIV, watch for these warning signs:
- Persistent sore throat (lasting more than a week)
- Severe pain or difficulty swallowing
- White patches or ulcers in the mouth/throat
- Fever, chills, or unexplained weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
- If you experience these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately, as they may indicate an infection that needs treatment.
Managing a Sore Throat with HIV
1. Medical Treatment
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) – If you have HIV, taking ART regularly helps keep your immune system strong and reduces the risk of infections.
- Antibiotics/Antifungals – If a bacterial or fungal infection is causing your sore throat, your doctor may prescribe medication.
- Pain Relief – Over-the-counter pain relievers (like acetaminophen or ibuprofen) can help, but always check with your doctor first.
2. Home Remedies & Self-Care
- Gargle with warm salt water (helps reduce inflammation).
- Stay hydrated (warm teas, broths, and honey can soothe the throat).
- Use a humidifier (moist air eases throat irritation).
- Avoid smoking and alcohol (they can worsen throat irritation).
- Rest your voice (talking less helps the throat heal).
3. Strengthening Your Immune System
- Eat a balanced diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, and proteins).
- Exercise regularly (boosts immunity).
- Get enough sleep (helps the body recover).
- Manage stress (high stress weakens immunity).
- Preventing Infections
- Since HIV affects immunity, preventing infections is crucial:
- Practice good hygiene (wash hands frequently).
- Avoid close contact with sick people.
- Get vaccinated (flu, pneumonia, and COVID-19 vaccines are recommended).
- Use protection during sex (to prevent other infections).
When to Get Tested for HIV?
If you have a persistent sore throat along with other HIV symptoms (fever, fatigue, night sweats, rash), consider getting tested. Early detection and treatment can help manage HIV effectively.
Final Thoughts
A sore throat is common, but for people with HIV, it’s important to monitor symptoms closely. With proper medical care, a healthy lifestyle, and timely treatment, you can manage infections effectively and maintain a good quality of life.
Consult ENT specialist for Personalised Advice
Consult ENT specialist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Tanvi Choubey
Ent Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MS (ENT). Fellowship in Head Neck Onco Surgery . Consultant - ENT
Rourkela
Apollo Hospitals, Rourkela, Rourkela
Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Ent Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, DNB (Otorhinolaryngology)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Col C M Sasikanth
Ent Specialist
28 Years • MBBS, MS ENT
Chennai
Apollo Speciality Hospitals Vanagaram, Chennai
Dr. Chanchal Pal
Ent Specialist
36 Years • MBBS, MS (ENT, Head & Neck), PG Certificate (Hospital Administration)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Pradip Kumar Deka
Ent Specialist
34 Years • MBBS, DLO, MS
Guwahati
Apollo Personalized Health Check Centre, Guwahati
(25+ Patients)
Consult ENT specialist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Tanvi Choubey
Ent Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MS (ENT). Fellowship in Head Neck Onco Surgery . Consultant - ENT
Rourkela
Apollo Hospitals, Rourkela, Rourkela
Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Ent Specialist
11 Years • MBBS, DNB (Otorhinolaryngology)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Col C M Sasikanth
Ent Specialist
28 Years • MBBS, MS ENT
Chennai
Apollo Speciality Hospitals Vanagaram, Chennai
Dr. Chanchal Pal
Ent Specialist
36 Years • MBBS, MS (ENT, Head & Neck), PG Certificate (Hospital Administration)
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Pradip Kumar Deka
Ent Specialist
34 Years • MBBS, DLO, MS
Guwahati
Apollo Personalized Health Check Centre, Guwahati
(25+ Patients)
