Pregnancy Symptoms of Thyroid Issues
Know the thyroid issues during pregnancy, symptoms, and how it affects the baby and mother. Learn about managing the thyroid in pregnancy.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 22nd Jul, 2025
Introduction
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it also brings many changes to your body—some expected, and some that may catch you by surprise. One such concern is thyroid issues, which can affect both the mother and the baby if not managed properly.
Thyroid problems during pregnancy are more common than you might think. Since the thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy, and even fetal brain development, any imbalance can have significant effects.
In this article, we’ll discuss:
Common thyroid disorders in pregnancy
Symptoms to watch out for
How can thyroid issues affect you and your baby?
Tips for managing thyroid health during pregnancy
When to seek medical help?
Let’s dive in!
Understanding Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that produces hormones (T3 and T4) essential for metabolism, energy, and overall health. During pregnancy, your body needs more thyroid hormones to support both you and your growing baby.
There are two main types of thyroid disorders:
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
When the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones.
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
When the thyroid produces too many hormones.
Both conditions can impact pregnancy, so it’s important to recognise the symptoms early.
Symptoms of Thyroid Issues During Pregnancy
1. Hypothyroidism Symptoms
If your thyroid is underactive, you may experience:
Extreme fatigue that is more than usual pregnancy tiredness.
Unexplained weight gain
Feeling cold all the time
Dry skin and hair
Constipation
Muscle cramps
Depression or mood swings
Memory problems, also called "pregnancy brain", worsening.
2. Hyperthyroidism Symptoms
If your thyroid is overactive, watch for:
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Excessive sweating and heat intolerance
Unexplained weight loss (despite eating more)
Nervousness, anxiety, or irritability
Trembling hands
Difficulty sleeping
Frequent bowel movements
Some of these symptoms, like fatigue or mood swings, can overlap with normal pregnancy changes, which is why thyroid issues often go unnoticed. If you experience multiple symptoms, it’s best to get tested.
Consult Top obstetrician for Personalised Health Advice
How do Thyroid Issues Affect Pregnancy and the Baby?
Untreated thyroid disorders can lead to complications such as:
For the Mother:
Preeclampsia - a form of high blood pressure
Anemia
Miscarriage or preterm birth
Postpartum bleeding issues
For the Baby:
Low birth weight
Developmental delays, especially brain development.
Thyroid problems at birth
Managing Thyroid Health During Pregnancy
If you have a thyroid disorder or develop symptoms during pregnancy, here’s what you can do:
1. Get Tested Early
A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4 levels) can diagnose thyroid issues.
If you have a history of thyroid problems, inform your doctor before or early in pregnancy.
2. Take Prescribed Medications
Hypothyroidism
Doctors usually prescribe levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone.
Hyperthyroidism
Anti-thyroid medications like methimazole may be given (only under strict medical supervision).
Never skip or adjust doses without consulting your doctor.
3. Eat a Thyroid-Friendly Diet
For Hypothyroidism:
Include iodine-rich foods, including dairy, eggs, and seafood.
Eat selenium-rich foods like Brazil nuts and sunflower seeds.
Avoid excessive soy and raw cruciferous veggies like cabbage and broccoli in large amounts.
For Hyperthyroidism:
Limit iodine-rich foods if advised by your doctor.
Eat calcium and vitamin D-rich foods like milk and leafy greens to protect bones.
4. Monitor Symptoms & Stay in Touch with Your Doctor
Regular check-ups ensure your thyroid levels stay balanced.
Report any new or worsening symptoms immediately.
5. Reduce Stress & Rest Well
Pregnancy is demanding—practice gentle yoga, meditation, or deep breathing to manage stress.
Get adequate sleep to support thyroid function.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Persistent fatigue, weight changes, or mood swings
Rapid heartbeat or extreme anxiety
Swelling in the neck is called a goitre.
Family history of thyroid disorders
Final Thoughts
Thyroid issues during pregnancy are manageable with the right care. If you suspect a problem, consult your doctor and get tested. With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, you can have a healthy pregnancy and a happy, thriving baby.
Consult Top obstetrician for Personalised Health Advice
Consult Top obstetrician for Personalised Health Advice
Dr. Lakshmi Sindhura Kakani
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (General medicine)
Visakhapatnam
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Liritha C
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, MD (GENERAL MEDICINE)
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Lakshmi Sanjitha Kakani
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Visakhapatnam
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. J T Hema Pratima
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Chennai
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Tamilnadu, Chennai
(250+ Patients)
Dr. Anshul Maheshwari
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Lucknow
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Consult Top obstetrician for Personalised Health Advice
Dr. Lakshmi Sindhura Kakani
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (General medicine)
Visakhapatnam
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. Liritha C
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS, MD (GENERAL MEDICINE)
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Lakshmi Sanjitha Kakani
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Visakhapatnam
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam
Dr. J T Hema Pratima
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Chennai
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Tamilnadu, Chennai
(250+ Patients)
Dr. Anshul Maheshwari
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Lucknow
Apollo 24|7 Clinic - Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
