Understanding Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Discover the symptoms of thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Learn their causes, effects on health, and simple ways to manage them effectively.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. J T Hema Pratima MBBS
Last updated on 21st Aug, 2025
Thyroid disorders are common, yet many people remain unaware of their symptoms. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall health. When it doesn’t function properly, it can lead to various health issues.
Recognizing the symptoms early can help in timely diagnosis and treatment. This article will guide you through the common signs of thyroid disorders, their causes, and ways to manage them effectively.
What Are Thyroid Disorders?
Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid gland produces too much (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) thyroid hormone. Both conditions can affect your body in different ways.
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
This happens when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, slowing down bodily functions.
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
This occurs when the thyroid produces excessive hormones, speeding up metabolism.
Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Since the thyroid affects multiple body functions, symptoms can vary widely. Here’s what to look out for:
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Fatigue & Weakness: Feeling unusually tired despite adequate rest.
- Weight Gain: Unexplained weight gain even with normal eating habits.
- Cold Sensitivity: Feeling cold when others are comfortable.
- Dry Skin & Hair Loss: Skin becomes dry, and hair may thin or fall out.
- Constipation: Slower digestion leading to irregular bowel movements.
- Depression & Mood Swings: Feeling low, irritable, or mentally sluggish.
- Muscle & Joint Pain: Aches and stiffness without obvious cause.
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
- Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying, despite increased appetite.
- Rapid Heartbeat: Heart palpitations or an unusually fast pulse.
- Anxiety & Nervousness: Feeling jittery, restless, or overly anxious.
- Excessive Sweating: Feeling hot and sweating more than usual.
- Tremors: Shaky hands or trembling fingers.
- Sleep Problems: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
- Frequent Bowel Movements: Diarrhea or more frequent bathroom visits.
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What Causes Thyroid Disorders?
Several factors can contribute to thyroid dysfunction:
Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune Disease (Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis): The immune system attacks the thyroid.
- Iodine Deficiency: Essential for thyroid hormone production.
- Thyroid Surgery or Radiation: Removal or damage to the thyroid gland.
- Certain Medications: Some drugs can interfere with thyroid function.
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
- Graves’ Disease: An autoimmune disorder causing overproduction of hormones.
- Thyroid Nodules: Lumps in the thyroid that produce excess hormones.
- Thyroiditis: Inflammation leading to temporary hormone release.
- Excessive Iodine Intake: Too much iodine can trigger overactivity.
How Thyroid Disorders Affect Your Health
If left untreated, thyroid imbalances can lead to serious complications:
- Hypothyroidism can cause high cholesterol, heart disease, infertility, and depression.
- Hyperthyroidism may lead to heart problems, osteoporosis, and vision issues (in Graves’ disease).
Early detection and treatment can prevent these complications and improve quality of life.
Managing Thyroid Disorders: Lifestyle & Dietary Tips
While medication is often necessary, lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms effectively.
For Hypothyroidism
- Balanced Diet: Include iodine-rich foods (seafood, dairy, eggs) and selenium (nuts, seeds).
- Fiber Intake: Helps with constipation (whole grains, fruits, vegetables).
- Regular Exercise: Boosts metabolism and energy levels.
- Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help.
For Hyperthyroidism
- Limit Caffeine & Sugar: Can worsen anxiety and heart palpitations.
- Calcium & Vitamin D: Important for bone health (milk, leafy greens).
- Avoid Iodine-Rich Foods: Excess iodine can worsen symptoms (seaweed, iodized salt).
- Gentle Exercise: Avoid overexertion; opt for walking or swimming.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent symptoms like unexplained weight changes, fatigue, or mood swings, consult a doctor. A simple blood test (TSH, T3, T4 levels) can diagnose thyroid disorders.
At Apollo 24|7, you can easily book a thyroid test or consult an endocrinologist from the comfort of your home. Early diagnosis and treatment can help you lead a healthier life.
Final Thoughts
Thyroid disorders are manageable with the right care. By recognizing symptoms early and making necessary lifestyle adjustments, you can keep your thyroid health in check. If you suspect a thyroid issue, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Take charge of your health today—schedule a thyroid test or consultation with Apollo 24|7 and get the support you need.
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Dr. Deeptangshu Ganguly
General Practitioner
12 Years • MBBS , MD (Pharmacology)
Raniganj
The Polyclinic and Pharmacy, Raniganj
Dr Chilukuri Venkata Reddy
General Physician
4 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bikas Singh
General Practitioner
20 Years • MBBS, AA AM -Certified in Aesthetic Medicine, PG Diploma in Clinical Dermatology, American Hair loss council - Cosmetic Dermatologist, Certificate of training in Cosmetic Dermatologist & Aesthetic Physician)
Bengaluru
Kosmedix hair and skin clinic, Bengaluru
Dr. Vandana Malik
General Practitioner
8 Years • MBBS, FAM
Noida
Skinlogics Clinic, Noida
Dr. Dixant Chhikara
General Practitioner
4 Years • MBBS
Delhi
SKYNN CARE, Delhi
