Causes of Vaginal Cancer Explained
Gain a clear understanding of the causes of vaginal cancer, including the strong link to HPV infection, age, and other risk factors. Learn about prevention strategies and the importance of early detection for this rare gynecological cancer.
Vaginal cancer is a rare but serious condition that affects women, usually later in life. Understanding its causes can help in early detection and prevention. If you or someone you know is concerned about vaginal cancer, this article will explain the possible causes, risk factors, and ways to reduce your risk.
What Is Vaginal Cancer?
Vaginal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the outer genitals. While it is uncommon, knowing the causes can help in early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes.
Main Causes of Vaginal Cancer
The exact cause of vaginal cancer is not always clear, but certain factors increase the risk. Here are the most common causes and risk factors:
1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
HPV is the most significant risk factor for vaginal cancer. This sexually transmitted virus can cause changes in vaginal cells, leading to cancer over time. Getting vaccinated against HPV and regular screenings (like Pap smears) can help prevent it.
2. Age
Vaginal cancer is more common in women over 60. As women age, their risk increases, especially if other risk factors are present.
3. History of Cervical Cancer or Precancerous Conditions
Women who have had cervical cancer or precancerous changes in the cervix (like cervical dysplasia) are at higher risk of developing vaginal cancer. This may be due to shared risk factors like HPV.
4. Smoking
Smoking weakens the immune system and increases the risk of HPVrelated cancers, including vaginal cancer. Quitting smoking can significantly lower this risk.
5. Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the Womb
DES was a drug given to some pregnant women between 1940 and 1971 to prevent miscarriages. Women whose mothers took DES have a higher risk of a rare type of vaginal cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma.
6. Weakened Immune System
Conditions like HIV/AIDS or medications that suppress immunity (such as after an organ transplant) can increase the risk of vaginal cancer.
7. Chronic Vaginal Irritation
Long-term irritation from vaginal pessaries (devices used for pelvic organ prolapse) or other factors may slightly increase the risk, though this is rare.
Consult Top Oncologist
How Does Vaginal Cancer Affect Health?
If left untreated, vaginal cancer can spread to nearby tissues like the bladder, rectum, or lymph nodes. Early symptoms may include:
- Unusual vaginal bleeding (after menopause or between periods)
- Watery or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Pain during sex
- Pelvic pain or a lump in the vagina
- Frequent urination or pain while urinating
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor for evaluation.
How Can You Reduce Your Risk?
While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk by:
- Getting the HPV vaccine (recommended for girls and boys aged 9–26)
- Regular Pap smears and pelvic exams to detect early changes
- Quitting smoking to improve immune function
- Practicing safe sex to reduce HPV exposure
- Maintaining good vaginal hygiene without harsh chemicals
When to See a Doctor?
If you notice unusual symptoms like abnormal bleeding, persistent pain, or unusual discharge, do not ignore them. Early detection improves treatment success.
Need Help? Book a Consultation Today
If you have concerns about vaginal cancer or need screening, Apollo 24|7 offers expert consultations and diagnostic tests. You can easily book an appointment online for personalized care.
Final Thoughts
Vaginal cancer is rare but understanding its causes helps in prevention and early detection. By managing risk factors like HPV, smoking, and regular checkups, you can take proactive steps toward better health. Always consult a doctor if you notice any unusual symptoms—your health matters!
Would you like to schedule a screening or talk to a specialist? Visit Apollo 24|7 for trusted medical advice and care. Stay informed, stay healthy!
Consult Top Oncologist
Consult Top Oncologist
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Dr.sanchayan Mandal
Oncologist
17 Years • MBBS, DrNB( MEDICAL ONCOLOGY), DNB (RADIOTHERAPY),ECMO. PDCR. ASCO
Kolkata
Dr. Sanchayan Mandal Oncology Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Sanchayan Mandal
Oncologist
17 Years • MBBS, DNB Raditherapy, DrNB Medical Oncology
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr Gowshikk Rajkumar
Oncologist
10 Years • MBBS, DMRT, DNB in Radiation oncology
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Consult Top Oncologist
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Dr.sanchayan Mandal
Oncologist
17 Years • MBBS, DrNB( MEDICAL ONCOLOGY), DNB (RADIOTHERAPY),ECMO. PDCR. ASCO
Kolkata
Dr. Sanchayan Mandal Oncology Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Sanchayan Mandal
Oncologist
17 Years • MBBS, DNB Raditherapy, DrNB Medical Oncology
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr Gowshikk Rajkumar
Oncologist
10 Years • MBBS, DMRT, DNB in Radiation oncology
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
