Vitamin A Deficiency Overview
Learn about Vitamin A deficiency, its symptoms like night blindness and weak immunity, common causes, and how to prevent it through diet, fortified foods, and medical guidance.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 8th Aug, 2025
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in keeping our bodies healthy. From maintaining good vision to supporting our immune system, this vitamin is vital for overall well-being. However, when our bodies don’t get enough Vitamin A, it can lead to Vitamin A deficiency, which may cause several health problems.
In this article, we’ll explore what Vitamin A deficiency is, its symptoms, causes, and how you can manage or prevent it. Let’s dive in!
What is Vitamin A Deficiency?
Vitamin A deficiency occurs when your body doesn’t get enough of this essential nutrient over time. Since Vitamin A is important for:
- Vision (especially night vision)
- Immune function (helping fight infections)
- Skin health (keeping it smooth and healthy)
- Growth and development (especially in children)
A lack of Vitamin A can lead to serious health issues, particularly in children and pregnant women.
Symptoms of Vitamin A Deficiency
Recognising the signs early can help prevent complications. Common symptoms include:
1. Vision Problems
- Night blindness (difficulty seeing in low light) – One of the earliest signs.
- Dry eyes (xerophthalmia) – Eyes may become dry, itchy, and inflamed.
- Corneal ulcers (in severe cases) – Can lead to permanent blindness if untreated.
2. Weakened Immunity
- Frequent infections (like colds, respiratory illnesses, or diarrhoea).
- Slow wound healing.
3. Skin and Hair Issues
- Dry, rough, or scaly skin.
- Brittle hair and nails.
4. Growth & Development Concerns (in Children)
- Stunted growth.
- Increased risk of infections.
If you or your child experiences these symptoms, it’s best to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Consult Top General Practitioner
What Causes Vitamin A Deficiency?
Several factors can contribute to a lack of Vitamin A:
1. Poor Diet
- Not eating enough Vitamin A-rich foods (like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, eggs, and dairy).
2. Digestive Disorders
- Conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or liver disorders can interfere with Vitamin A absorption.
3. Limited Access to Nutrient-Rich Foods
- Common in areas with food insecurity or malnutrition.
4. Alcoholism
- Excessive alcohol consumption can deplete Vitamin A stores in the liver.
5. Infants & Young Children at Higher Risk
- Breastfed infants (if the mother is deficient).
- Children who don’t get enough Vitamin A in their diet.
How to Prevent & Manage Vitamin A Deficiency
The good news is that Vitamin A deficiency is preventable and manageable with the right approach. Here’s how:
1. Eat Vitamin A-Rich Foods
Include these in your diet:
- Animal sources (retinol form): Liver, fish oil, eggs, dairy.
- Plant sources (beta-carotene, which converts to Vitamin A): Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, mangoes, papayas, and red bell peppers.
2. Fortified Foods
- Some cereals, milk, and oils are fortified with Vitamin A.
3. Supplements (if needed)
- Doctors may recommend supplements in severe cases, especially for children and pregnant women.
- Never self-medicate—excess Vitamin A can be harmful.
4. Regular Health Check-ups
- If you have digestive issues or chronic illnesses, regular monitoring is essential.
5. Breastfeeding Mothers
- Ensure a Vitamin A-rich diet to pass on nutrients to the baby.
When to See a Doctor?
If you notice:
- Persistent night blindness or eye problems.
- Frequent infections or slow healing.
- Unexplained dry skin or hair issues.
It’s best to consult a doctor for proper testing and treatment.
Need help? You can easily book a consultation or lab test through Apollo 24|7 for expert advice and care.
Final Thoughts
Vitamin A deficiency is a serious but preventable condition. By eating a balanced diet rich in Vitamin A sources and seeking medical advice when needed, you can protect your vision, immunity, and overall health.
Take care of yourself, and don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional if you suspect a deficiency.
Consult Top General Practitioner
Consult Top General Practitioner
Dr. Rajib Ghose
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Dr. Anand Ravi
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Dr Venkata Naga Sai Tribhushan Rambhatla
General Physician
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Consult Top General Practitioner
Dr. Rajib Ghose
General Practitioner
25 Years • MBBS
East Midnapore
VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore
Dr. Siri Nallapu
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Venkata Naga Sai Tribhushan Rambhatla
General Physician
3 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
