Apolipoprotein - B

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that aids in the transportation of fat and cholesterol throughout the body. It also serves as the primary protein component of lipoproteins such as Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). It binds to bad cholesterol, causing plaque accumulation in the blood vessels. This can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.

The Apolipoprotein B test detects elevated cholesterol levels and the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. It also aids in diagnosing a rare hereditary apolipoprotein B deficiency. A healthy person has low levels of low-density cholesterol. So, more significant levels can indicate an increased risk of heart disease.

The Apolipoprotein B test should ideally yield the following results to indicate healthy levels of the component.

• 110 to 180 mg/dL for men
• 110 to 205 mg/dL for women

If the test results are lower than the ideal levels, it can be due to one of the following reasons:

• Tangier disease: a rare hereditary illness that causes a decrease in the level of high-density lipoprotein 
• Use of drugs 
• Malnutrition
• Diabetes
• Cirrhosis
• Hyperthyroidism
• Surgery
• Hepatocellular diseases (liver problems)
• Weight reduction
• Chronic kidney failure (renal failure)
• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Cholestasis

Excessive levels of apolipoprotein B are associated with a risk for cardiovascular disease. Elevations may be caused by a high-fat diet or a reduction of LDL clearance from the blood.

Alternatively, a spike in the apolipoprotein B level may indicate:

• Cirrhosis
• Malnutrition
• Apolipoprotein B deficiency (Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome)
• Shedding of weight
• Reye syndrome
• Thyroid hyperactivity
• Extreme sickness
• Inherited CETP or Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein deficiency
• Consumption of estrogen-containing medicines
• Consumption of niacin or statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs)

However, in addition to the illnesses that might produce low or high levels of apolipoprotein B, some drugs and lifestyle factors may also impact the results, which include:

Hormone medication such as androgen, estrogen, progestin, etc.

• Statins
• Beta-blockers
• Diuretics
• Surgery
• Consumption of specific supplements and herbs
• Thyroid medication
• Weight loss
• High-fat diet

Apollo 24|7 offers the Apolipoprotein B test at a reasonable rate.

After the test, the healthcare provider may also request other tests in case they suspect cardiovascular disease. The treatment plan usually depends upon one's age, gender, health history, and the cause of the fluctuating levels of apolipoprotein B. These can include:

• Dietary changes
• Weight loss
• Medication 
• Discontinuation of certain medication

Medically reviewed by Dr. Ranga Reddy B V A, Cardiologist, Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad.

Frequently asked questions

What factors can affect the results of an Apolipoprotein B test?

Certain medications may have an impact on the test findings. Some of them include: Diuretics Medications that contain estrogens or androgens Niacin Statins In addition, cigarette smoking may also influence the Apolipoprotein B test results.

What are some causes that lead to a drop in the apolipoprotein B level in the body?

ApoB levels in the body decrease either due to conditions that interfere with lipoprotein production or its synthesis and packing in the liver. Other factors include: Cirrhosis Hyperthyroidism Surgery Use of drugs  Malnutrition Weight reduction

What can cause a spike in the apolipoprotein B level in the body?

High ApoB levels can be caused by a variety of underlying diseases, in addition to cardiovascular disease. These include hypothyroidism, renal disease, and diabetes. Pregnancy might also temporarily increase the apolipoprotein B levels.

When does a doctor usually order an Apolipoprotein B test?

Apolipoprotein B can be measured in combination with Apo A-I and other lipid tests when a healthcare professional assesses an individual's risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This is especially applicable when the individual has a history of heart problems or abnormal lipid levels and especially if one has elevated triglyceride levels.

What other tests can be ordered to measure the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Apolipoprotein B levels are usually tested and compared with apolipoprotein A levels. Other tests that are often ordered together with an Apolipoprotein B test include HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Lipid Profile, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, etc.

What is the usual range of apolipoprotein B for men and women?

Apolipoprotein B test values are represented in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The normal range for men is 110 to 180 mg/dL, while the normal range for women is 110 to 205 mg/dL.