CD2 (Pan T Cell Marker)

Cancer is a life-threatening disease that can impact different body organs. Two cancer types that affect the blood are leukaemia and lymphoma. While both leukaemia and lymphoma are forms of blood cancer that essentially destruct the immune system, they strike on different body parts. The former affects the bone marrow and blood, while the latter attacks the lymph nodes. Their causes, signs and treatment differ as well.

Leukaemia is cancer that occurs in the cells of the bone marrow, which is responsible for blood production. It generally negatively influences the white blood cells. Depending on the cell it originates from and the duration it takes to develop, leukaemia can be divided into 5 kinds:

• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
• Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
• Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML)

Acute leukaemia occurs suddenly and develops rapidly, while chronic leukaemia has a slower pace of growth. Lymphoma, on the other hand, strikes the lymphocytes and lymph nodes and destroys the immune system. There are two different kinds of lymphoma – Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Both of these affect different white blood cells. The former generally happens to young adults, but the risk significantly increases after 55 years of age. The latter is a prevalent lymphoma type that occurs in teens and children.

The CD2 (Pan T Cells Marker) Test is a protocol examination that identifies and investigates different cell surface molecules for cell immunophenotyping. Immunophenotyping of cells is a specific test that recognizes cells based on antigens and markers found on the cell's surface, cytoplasm or nucleus.

This test helps diagnose different kinds of leukaemia and lymphoma by comparing the normal cells against the cancer cells.

One can lookout for the following apparent symptoms of leukaemia:

• Lethargy
• Fever
• Swollen spleen, liver, lymph nodes
• Bruising and bleeding
• Muscle pain
• Bone pain
• Shortness of breath
• Anaemia
• Heavy menstrual bleeding

Or, if you notice the following signs of lymphoma:

• Night sweats
• Fever
• Sudden weight loss
• Skin rash
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Disease in the diaphragm, resulting in pain in the chest, abdominal area, shoulder, difficulty in breathing, lack of oxygen in the blood
• Trouble in bone marrow, bones, liver and lungs
• Extreme fatigue

Extreme symptoms in the thyroid, digestive tract, brain, bones, kidney, testes, breast, liver, and skin

Do not ignore these warning signs and contact your healthcare provider. It might be the right time to get a CD2 (Pan T Cells Marker) Test!

Getting this test will help:

• Make clear differentiation between acute myeloid, T cell lymphoid neoplasms, lymphoid leukaemia B, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, neoplastic expansions of lymphocytes, and lymphoma reactive
• Figure out the correct prognosis of lymphoma
• Identify the correct subsets of lymphocyte

Apollo 24|7 offers comprehensive house testing, so book a CD2 (Pan T Cells Marker) Test today!
 

Frequently asked questions

What risk factors increase the chances of developing leukaemia?

Different leukaemia kinds have different factors attached to them. Some of the most common risk factors that enhance the chances of developing leukaemia are: Exposure to benzene Exposure to radiation History of blood cancer Previous chemotherapy treatment Struggling with genetic syndromes like Fanconi anaemia and Down syndrome can boost the risk of AML and ALL Viral infections like Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) can cause AML

What are the risk factors for lymphoma?

The following risk factors that boost the chances of developing lymphoma are: Persistent infection of cytomegalovirus or EBV Weak immune system due to HIV Struggle with auto-immune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and Sjogren’s syndrome Exposure to toxic materials like herbicides and pesticides Bacterial infections like H. Pylori Drug usage

What are the treatment options for lymphoma and leukaemia?

The treatment type for lymphoma and leukaemia entirely depends on the person and their particular disease subtype. Although some of the common approaches are as follows: Chemotherapy Antibody treatment Radiation therapy Stem-cell therapy Targeted therapy

Is leukaemia hereditary?

Leukaemia is generally not a disease that runs through the family. That said, if a close family member has leukaemia, it does increase your chance of developing chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Can you live with lymphoma without knowing?

Lymphoma happens slowly over time; many patients can live with it without any symptoms for several years. However, one of the most common signs would be a painful, enlarged lymph gland. After 5-10 years of lymphoma, the low-grade disorder can progress to an aggressive grade and produce more noticeable and severe symptoms.

Can non-Hodgkin Lymphoma be misdiagnosed?

Yes, sometimes non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is misidentified as the following medical conditions: Hodgkin’s lymphoma HIV Mononucleosis Influenza Cat scratch fever Infections