Hepatitis E Virus Igm (HEV IgM)

Hepatitis E is a viral infection that affects the liver. The virus responsible for this infection is known as the Hepatitis E virus (HEV). This virus is transmitted through contaminated water or food and can cause acute liver disease. However, in some cases, it can also lead to chronic liver disease, which can be life-threatening.

Hepatitis E Virus IgM (HEV IgM) is a laboratory test that helps in the diagnosis of acute Hepatitis E infections.

Symptoms

Hepatitis E is typically associated with mild symptoms that usually resolve within a few weeks. However, in certain cases, the condition can progress to more severe forms and pose significant health concerns.

Typical manifestations of hepatitis E include fatigue, abdominal discomfort, reduced appetite, and nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. The presence of jaundice, characterised by yellowing of the skin and eyes, is another prominent symptom of the infection. Additionally, individuals may observe darkened urine and pale-coloured stool, indicating impaired liver function.

Although most individuals recover from hepatitis E without requiring medical intervention, it is crucial to closely monitor the symptoms. In severe instances, especially among pregnant women and individuals with pre-existing liver conditions, the infection can lead to acute liver failure.

Test Procedure

The sample procurement method for the Hepatitis E Virus IgM (HEV IgM) test involves obtaining a blood sample from the patient. To ensure accurate results, the trained technician follows a standard procedure.

First, the patient's arm is prepared by cleaning the area with an antiseptic solution. Then, the technician will carefully insert a needle into a vein to draw the blood sample.

The amount of blood required for the test may vary, but typically, a few millilitres are collected. A vacuum-sealed tube will be used to collect the blood, which helps maintain the integrity of the sample.

After the blood is drawn, pressure is applied to the puncture site to stop any bleeding. A bandage or adhesive tape may be used to cover the puncture site and ensure proper healing. The blood sample is then securely transported to a laboratory for analysis.

In the laboratory, the blood sample undergoes a meticulous testing process to identify and measure the presence of Hepatitis E virus-specific IgM antibodies. Laboratory technicians use specialised techniques and state-of-the-art equipment to ensure accurate and reliable results.

The blood sample is prepared for testing using centrifugation, a process that separates the blood components, such as red blood cells and plasma, to isolate the serum portion containing the antibodies of interest. The serum is then carefully extracted and transferred to a test tube or well for further analysis.

Next, immunoassay methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are used to detect the Hepatitis E virus-specific IgM antibodies. ELISA utilises a series of reactions that involve the binding of the antibodies to specific antigens present on a solid surface, followed by the addition of enzymes that produce a detectable signal.

The laboratory equipment measures the intensity of the signal produced, which correlates with the amount of Hepatitis E virus-specific IgM antibodies present in the sample. Through calibration standards and quality controls, the test results can be quantified, providing valuable information about the presence and concentration of the antibodies.

Treatment

Although there is no specific cure for hepatitis E, the majority of individuals infected with the virus experience a self-limiting course of the disease and recover without requiring medical intervention.

During the recovery period, it is recommended to get plenty of rest, maintain proper hydration, and follow a healthy diet. It is important to refrain from consuming alcohol and certain medications that may further burden the liver.

However, in rare cases, hepatitis E can progress to a severe form, particularly among individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying liver conditions. Such individuals may necessitate hospitalisation for closer monitoring and supportive care. Hospital-based management focuses on administering intravenous fluids for hydration, ensuring adequate nutrition, and providing treatment for any associated complications.

In situations where liver function is severely impaired, a liver transplant may be considered a life-saving measure. This option is reserved for individuals experiencing fulminant hepatitis E or those with pre-existing chronic liver disease exacerbated by the infection.

Benefits of an Early Diagnosis

An early diagnosis of Hepatitis E can help in getting timely medical attention and initiating treatment. This can help prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of complications. Timely diagnosis can also help in preventing the spread of the infection to others.

Booking a slot for the HEV IgM test on Apollo 24|7 is easy and convenient. Simply visit the website or download the mobile app and select the HEV IgM test from the list of available options. Choose a suitable time slot for sample collection and make the payment online. Results will be available within six days.