Living with diabetes brings with it a range of challenges, one of the lesser-known being its impact on bone health. Diabetes can increase the risk of brittle bones, fractures, and osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weak and porous bones. This correlation appears due to factors such as hypoglycemia episodes in type 2 diabetes and the side effects of long-term use of certain diabetes medications in high doses. However, proactive measures and lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce risks.

How Hypoglycemia Affects Bone Health

Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes can affect bone health by disrupting the balance of hormones involved in bone metabolism, potentially leading to decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. This occurs due to the body's response to low blood sugar levels, which can impact the regulation of insulin and cortisol, both of which play essential roles in maintaining bone strength and density.

Essential Dietary Adjustments

Diet plays a critical role in maintaining strong bones. Prioritise the intake of calcium and vitamin D, which are crucial for healthy bone development.

Individuals under 50 need about 800 to 1000 mg of calcium daily, which should be increased for those over 50 and based on other medical needs. Also, it is important to know that the dosage requirement is lower in some conditions.

Similar adjustments are required in the case of vitamin D, where the recommended intake is between 400-600 IU (International unit) a day for adults under 50 and higher or those over 50.

Physical Activity and Weight Management

Regular exercise contributes significantly to weight management and bone health at every age. It helps build bone in youth, slows down bone loss in adulthood, and improves muscle strength, posture, and balance at all ages. Along with regulating weight, this enhances bone strength and minimises fall risks, a common cause of fractures in osteoporosis patients.

Working with Your Doctor

Keeping blood glucose levels within the target range is key in managing diabetes and its associated risks. Regular consultations with your healthcare team can help adjust medication and monitor blood glucose levels effectively.

Also, a bone mineral density (BMD) test, can be used to diagnose osteoporosis even before a fracture occurs.

A diabetes diagnosis doesn't automatically lead to compromised bone health. By adopting a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, maintaining an active lifestyle, and working closely with your healthcare team, you can live with diabetes while ensuring robust bone health.