Fever is a symptom! It is usually a sign of an underlying infection, characterised by increased body temperature and sometimes symptoms like chills, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Mostly, the fever can go away within 3-4 days by taking proper rest and consuming ample fluids and medications. A fever usually causes no harm but can indicate a more severe condition in rare cases.

Common Types of Fever Indians Suffer From

Fever is a common symptom of many medical conditions. An elevation in body temperature above the normal range of 97 F (36.1 C) and 99 F (37.2 C) characterises it. There are several types of fever, each with different causes and characteristics.

1. Acute Fever

Acute fever is a sudden and short-term increase in body temperature, usually defined as a temperature greater than 100.4°F (38°C). This type of fever is often a response to an infection or other underlying medical condition. It is a common symptom of many illnesses, such as the flu, a cold, or pneumonia. Acute fevers generally develop quickly and can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. In most cases, an acute fever is a sign that the body is fighting an infection or illness, but in some cases, it can indicate a more serious underlying health condition. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical attention if an acute fever persists, is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, or is very high.

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2. Subacute Fever

Subacute fever refers to a low-grade, persistent increase in body temperature that lasts longer than an acute fever, typically lasting several weeks to a few months. It is often seen in infections or illnesses that are not severe enough to cause a high, acute fever but persistent enough to cause a low-grade elevation in body temperature. Subacute fever can also be seen in some autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if a low-grade fever persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

3. Recurrent Fever

Recurrent fever refers to repeated episodes of fever that occur at regular intervals or with a specific pattern. It is a type of fever that comes and goes and can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks before resolving. Various underlying medical conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers, can cause recurrent fever. Some specific examples of conditions that can cause recurrent fever include tuberculosis, Lyme disease, periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. It is important to seek medical attention if a fever recurs to address the underlying cause and prevent potential complications. A thorough evaluation, including laboratory tests and imaging studies, may be necessary to determine the cause of recurrent fever.

4. Chronic Fever

Chronic fever is a persistent elevation in body temperature that lasts for an extended period, often greater than three weeks. It can be a sign of underlying health conditions such as tuberculosis or HIV, autoimmune diseases, or cancers and requires a thorough medical evaluation. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is vital to address the underlying cause and prevent potential complications.

5. Intermittent Fever

Intermittent fever is characterised by periods of normal body temperature alternating with episodes of fever lasting several days or weeks. The cause can range from rickettsial infections, malaria and autoimmune diseases to cancers, and it is essential to seek medical attention for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

6. Remittent Fever

Remittent fever is characterised by fluctuations in body temperature that alternates between periods of elevation and normal levels. The temperature changes can occur over the course of a day or a few days, with the fever returning to normal levels temporarily before rising again. This pattern of temperature changes is distinct from the continuous elevation seen in other types of fevers. Remittent fever is often seen in infections, such as bacterial or parasitic infections, as well as in some autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment are important to address the underlying cause and prevent potential complications.

7. Hyperpyrexia

Hyperpyrexia is a medical term to describe a high fever, defined as a body temperature greater than 106°F (41.1°C). It can signify a serious underlying medical condition, such as a severe infection or heat stroke, and requires prompt medical attention. In addition, Hyperpyrexia can be dangerous and lead to dehydration and organ damage.

8. Low-Grade Fever

Low-grade fever refers to a slight increase in body temperature, usually defined as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) to 102°F (38.9°C). It is considered a mild elevation in body temperature and a common symptom of many illnesses, such as the flu or a cold. Low-grade fevers are often accompanied by other symptoms, such as a headache, muscle aches, or fatigue, and generally resolve independently within a few days to a week. However, in some cases, a low-grade fever can indicate a more serious underlying health condition, so it is important to seek medical attention if the fever persists.

9. Relapsing Fever

Relapsing fever is a type of fever characterised by recurring episodes of fever, each lasting several days. It is caused by certain species of Borrelia bacteria that are transmitted by the bite of infected ticks or lice. Symptoms may also include headache, muscle aches, and a rash. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are important to prevent potential complications.

10. Septic Fever

Septic fever, also known as sepsis, is a severe bacterial infection that can cause a high fever and a widespread inflammatory response in the body. It can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with antibiotics and supportive care. Symptoms may include high fever, chills, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to improve outcomes.

11. Drug-Induced Fever

Drug-induced fever is a type of fever that occurs as a side effect of certain medications. Various medications, including antibiotics, pain medications, and cancer treatments, can cause it. Symptoms may include a sudden increase in body temperature, headache, chills, and muscle aches. Treatment involves discontinuing the medication that caused the fever and may also involve supportive care to manage symptoms.

12. Idiopathic Fever

Idiopathic fever is a medical term used to describe a fever of unknown origin, meaning no apparent cause or underlying medical condition can explain the elevated body temperature. The term idiopathic is used when a thorough evaluation, including laboratory tests and imaging studies, has been performed and no apparent cause can be identified. The condition is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own within a few days to a week. Still, ongoing evaluation and monitoring may be necessary to rule out any underlying health issues.

Fever is a symptom of an underlying condition, not a disease. Therefore, an individual's fever type will depend on the underlying cause. Likewise, treatment will vary depending on the cause. Therefore, consulting a medical professional would be wise if you have a fever.

FAQ

1. What are the most common causes of fever?

Various viruses are common causes of fever, like flu and bronchitis. Other conditions that lead to fever are bacterial, such as pneumonia.

2. How do I know if my child has a fever?

If your child feels warm to the touch or has a temperature of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, they likely have a fever. You may also notice that they will feel tired, have a poor appetite, and are irritated.

3. What is the best way to treat a fever?

In most cases, proper rest at home and plenty of fluids can treat fever. You may also consume acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help reduce fever if you know the correct dosage.

4. When should I call the doctor about a fever?

If your child has a fever of 102°F or higher, you should call the doctor immediately.

5. Are there any home remedies for fever?

Some home remedies that may help reduce fever are sponging with lukewarm water or a cool bath. 

Fever is a common symptom of many illnesses and can have various causes. Awareness of different types of fever and when to seek medical treatment is essential. Early recognition and medical attention can prevent potential complications and improve outcomes. The doctor will determine the cause of the fever and recommend the appropriate treatment. If you have a recurring fever,

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Medically reviewed by Dr Sonia Bhatt.