UPCR Test Overview and Information
Learn about the UPCR (Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio) test, its purpose, procedure, and how it helps assess kidney function and detect protein levels in urine.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 14th Aug, 2025
Introduction
If you or a loved one has been advised to take a UPCR (Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio) test, you might be wondering what it is, why it’s needed, and what the results mean. Don’t worry; this guide will help you understand everything in simple terms.
What is a UPCR Test?
The UPCR test is a simple urine test that measures the amount of protein in your urine compared to creatinine (a waste product from muscle activity). Normally, very little protein should be in your urine. If there’s too much, it could indicate a problem with your kidneys.
This test is often used instead of a 24-hour urine protein test because it’s quicker, easier, and just as reliable.
Consult a Nephrologist for the best advice
Why is the UPCR Test Done?
Your doctor may recommend this test if:
- You have symptoms of kidney disease (like swelling in the feet, fatigue, or foamy urine).
- You have diabetes or high blood pressure (both can affect kidney function).
- You’re being monitored for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- You have signs of proteinuria (excess protein in urine).
Symptoms That May Require a UPCR Test
If your kidneys aren’t filtering properly, you might notice:
- Swelling in the hands, feet, or face (edema).
- Foamy or bubbly urine (due to protein leakage).
- Fatigue or weakness.
- Frequent urination, especially at night.
- High blood pressure that’s hard to control.
If you experience any of these, consult your doctor; they may suggest a UPCR test.
How is the UPCR Test Done?
The test is simple and non-invasive:
1. You’ll be asked to provide a single urine sample (usually the first-morning sample).
2. The lab checks the ratio of protein to creatinine in your urine.
3. Results help determine if your kidneys are leaking too much protein.
No special preparation is needed, but avoid strenuous exercise before the test, as it can temporarily increase protein levels.
Understanding Your UPCR Test Results
Interpreting your UPCR test results helps you assess kidney health and detect any unusual protein loss in the urine.
- Normal Range: Less than 150 mg/g (or <15 mg/mmol).
- Mild Proteinuria: 150-500 mg/g – May indicate early kidney damage.
- Moderate to Severe Proteinuria: >500 mg/g – Suggests significant kidney issues.
Higher levels could mean:
- Kidney disease (due to diabetes, hypertension, or infections).
- Glomerulonephritis (inflammation in kidney filters).
- Preeclampsia (in pregnant women).
Your doctor will explain your results and recommend next steps if needed.
What Causes High Protein in Urine?
Common reasons include:
- Diabetes (leading cause of kidney damage).
- High blood pressure (can strain kidneys).
- Infections (UTIs, kidney infections).
- Autoimmune diseases (like lupus).
- Pregnancy-related conditions (preeclampsia).
- Certain medications (NSAIDs, some antibiotics).
How to Manage High Protein in Urine?
If your UPCR test shows elevated protein, your doctor may suggest:
1. Lifestyle Changes
- Control blood sugar (if diabetic).
- Manage blood pressure (reduce salt, exercise).
- Stay hydrated (helps kidney function).
- Quit smoking (smoking harms kidneys).
- Limit alcohol (excess can worsen kidney stress).
2. Dietary Adjustments
- Reduce salt (to lower blood pressure).
- Eat moderate protein (too much strains kidneys).
- Choose heart-healthy foods (fruits, veggies, whole grains).
3. Medications (if needed)
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs (help protect kidneys).
- Diuretics (reduce swelling).
- Cholesterol-lowering drugs (if needed).
When to See a Doctor?
If your test shows high protein levels, follow up with a nephrologist (kidney specialist) for further evaluation. Early detection can prevent kidney damage.
Final Thoughts
The UPCR test is a quick and effective way to check kidney health. If you have risk factors like diabetes or high blood pressure, regular monitoring can help catch problems early. Simple lifestyle changes and timely medical care can make a big difference in keeping your kidneys healthy.
Consult a Nephrologist for the best advice
Consult a Nephrologist for the best advice
D. Akshay Zalavadiya
Nephrologist
3 Years • MBBS, MD, DM Nephrology
Ahmedabad
Beacon kidney consult, Ahmedabad
Dr. Siddharth Herur
Nephrologist
4 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM Nephrology
Kurnool
Medicover hospital and Gurudatta poly clinic, Kurnool
Dr. Anantha Rao
Nephrologist
7 Years • MBBS, DNB (General Medicine), DNB (Nephrology)
Kurnool
Aakash hospital and KIMS hospital, Kurnool
Dr. S Bipin Kumar
Nephrologist
13 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM, Nephrology
Rajamahendravaram
SG KIDNEY CARE, Rajamahendravaram
Dr Sanjai Maitra
Nephrologist
24 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), DM (Nephro)
Siliguri
Atrium Diagnostics, Siliguri
Consult a Nephrologist for the best advice
D. Akshay Zalavadiya
Nephrologist
3 Years • MBBS, MD, DM Nephrology
Ahmedabad
Beacon kidney consult, Ahmedabad
Dr. Siddharth Herur
Nephrologist
4 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM Nephrology
Kurnool
Medicover hospital and Gurudatta poly clinic, Kurnool
Dr. Anantha Rao
Nephrologist
7 Years • MBBS, DNB (General Medicine), DNB (Nephrology)
Kurnool
Aakash hospital and KIMS hospital, Kurnool
Dr. S Bipin Kumar
Nephrologist
13 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DM, Nephrology
Rajamahendravaram
SG KIDNEY CARE, Rajamahendravaram
Dr Sanjai Maitra
Nephrologist
24 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), DM (Nephro)
Siliguri
Atrium Diagnostics, Siliguri
