Causes of Breast Cancer in Women
Understand the complex causes and risk factors of breast cancer in women, including genetic predispositions, hormonal influences, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors. Learn what increases your risk for this common cancer.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 12th Aug, 2025
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. While it can be a frightening diagnosis, understanding its causes can help in early detection, prevention, and better management. If you or a loved one are concerned about breast cancer, this article will guide you through the possible causes, risk factors, and steps you can take to stay healthy.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. While most breast lumps are not cancerous, some can be malignant (cancerous) and spread to other parts of the body if not treated early.
What Causes Breast Cancer?
The exact cause of breast cancer is not fully understood, but several factors can increase a woman’s risk. These include:
1. Genetic Factors (Inherited Mutations)
- Some women inherit gene mutations (changes) from their parents that increase their risk of breast cancer.
- The most well-known are BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. Women with these mutations have a much higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
What You Can Do:
- If you have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, consider genetic testing.
- Speak to a doctor about preventive measures if you test positive for these genes.
2. Hormonal Factors
Hormones play a big role in breast cancer risk:
- Estrogen Exposure: Women who have longer exposure to estrogen (early menstruation before age 12, late menopause after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Long-term use of estrogen/progesterone therapy after menopause may increase risk.
- Birth Control Pills: Some studies suggest a slight increase in risk, but it decreases after stopping the pills.
What You Can Do:
- Discuss the risks and benefits of HRT with your doctor.
- If you’re on birth control, talk to your doctor about alternatives if you have other risk factors.
3. Age and Gender
- Being a Woman: Women are at much higher risk than men.
- Age: The risk increases with age, especially after 50.
What You Can Do:
- Regular breast cancer screenings (mammograms) are crucial, especially after 40.
4. Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle choices can influence breast cancer risk:
- Alcohol Consumption: Drinking alcohol regularly increases risk.
- Obesity: Excess weight, especially after menopause, raises estrogen levels.
- Lack of Physical Activity: A sedentary lifestyle may contribute to higher risk.
What You Can Do:
- Limit alcohol to no more than one drink per day.
- Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
- Stay active—aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise most days.
5. Reproductive History
- Having No Children or Late Pregnancy: Women who have their first child after 30 or never have children have a slightly higher risk.
- Not Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding for 12 years may lower breast cancer risk.
What You Can Do:
- If possible, breastfeeding can be beneficial for both mother and baby.
6. Radiation Exposure
- Previous radiation therapy to the chest (especially during childhood or young adulthood) increases risk.
What You Can Do:
- If you’ve had radiation therapy, discuss screening options with your doctor.
7. Dense Breast Tissue
- Women with dense breasts (more glandular tissue than fat) have a higher risk of breast cancer.
What You Can Do:
- Get regular mammograms and ask your doctor about additional screening (like an ultrasound or MRI).
Myths About Breast Cancer Causes
Some people believe that:
- Wearing a bra (especially underwire) causes breast cancer – No scientific evidence supports this.
- Using deodorants or antiperspirants causes breast cancer – No strong evidence links them to cancer.
- Stress causes breast cancer – While stress affects health, no direct link to breast cancer has been proven.
How Can You Lower Your Risk?
While some risk factors (like genetics) can’t be changed, you can take steps to reduce your risk:
- Get regular screenings (mammograms as per doctor’s advice).
- Maintain a healthy weight – Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Exercise regularly – Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
- Limit alcohol – The less you drink, the better.
- Avoid smoking – Smoking increases the risk of many cancers.
- Breastfeed if possible – It may help lower risk.
Consult Top Specialists
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if you notice:
- A new lump in the breast or underarm.
- Changes in breast shape, size, or skin texture.
- Nipple discharge (other than breast milk).
- Persistent pain in the breast.
Early detection saves lives! If you have concerns, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Take Charge of Your Health with Apollo 24|7
If you’re worried about breast cancer risk or need a screening, Apollo 24|7 offers:
- Expert consultations with oncologists.
- Mammograms and diagnostic tests at trusted centers.
- Genetic testing for high-risk individuals.
Book a consultation or test today through the Apollo 24|7 app or website.
Final Thoughts
Breast cancer can be influenced by many factors—some within your control and others not. By understanding the causes and taking preventive steps, you can reduce your risk and detect any issues early. Stay informed, stay proactive, and prioritize your health.
Remember, early detection is key—regular check ups can make all the difference!
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Syed Ismail Ali
General Practitioner
7 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(100+ Patients)
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Mohamed Azeem
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
2 Years • MBBS,MD(Internal Medicine) CCEBDM
Karaikudi
Apollo Hospitals Karaikudi, Karaikudi
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Syed Ismail Ali
General Practitioner
7 Years • MBBS
Hyderabad
Apollo 24|7 Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Bhukya Pavan Kalyan
General Physician
5 Years • MBBS DNB Paediatrics
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sandhya Chandel
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
16 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), IDCCM
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(100+ Patients)
