Signs of Ovarian Cancer to Recognise
Learn the early signs of ovarian cancer, including bloating, pelvic pain, appetite loss, frequent urination, and abnormal bleeding. Understand risk factors, diagnosis, prevention tips, and treatment options.
Written by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai
Reviewed by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair MBBS
Last updated on 13th Jan, 2026
Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" because its symptoms can be vague and easily mistaken for other common conditions. However, recognising the signs early can make a significant difference in treatment and recovery. If you or a loved one experiences persistent symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. The ovaries produceeggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. When abnormal cells in the ovaries grow uncontrollably, they form a tumour that can spread to other parts of the body.
There are different types of ovarian cancer, with epithelial ovarian cancer being the most common. Early detection is crucial because ovarian cancer is more treatable in its initial stages.
Common Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be subtle and may resemble digestive or menstrual issues. However, if these symptoms persist for more than a few weeks, they should not be ignored.
1. Persistent Bloating or Swelling
- Many women experience bloating occasionally, but if it lasts for weeks without relief, it could be a warning sign.
2. Pelvic or Abdominal Pain
Frequent pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvis that doesn’t go away should be evaluated.
3. Difficulty Eating or Feeling Full Quickly
- If you feel full after eating very little or have a loss of appetite for an extended period, it may indicate an issue.
4. Frequent Urination or Urgency
- Needing to urinate more often than usual without an infection could be a symptom.
5. Changes in Bowel Habits
- Unexplained constipation, diarrhoea, or other bowel changes that persist may be a concern.
6. Unexplained Weight Loss or Gain
- Sudden weight changes without diet or exercise modifications should be checked.
7. Fatigue
- Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest can sometimes be linked to ovarian cancer.
8. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
- Bleeding after menopause or between periods should always be discussed with a doctor.
Who Is at Risk?
While ovarian cancer can affect any woman, certain factors increase the risk:
- Age : Most cases occur in women over 50.
- Family History : A family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer raises risk.
- Genetic Mutations : BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations increase susceptibility.
- Reproductive History : Women who have never been pregnant or had late pregnancies may have a higher risk.
- Hormone Therapy : Long-term use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy may contribute.
- Endometriosis : This condition can slightly increase the risk.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any of the above symptoms for more than two weeks, consult a gynaecologist or oncologist. Early detection improves treatment success.
Diagnosis and Tests
- Pelvic Exam : A doctor checks for abnormalities in the ovaries.
- Ultrasound or CT Scan : Imaging tests help detect tumours.
- Blood Test (CA-125) : Elevated levels may indicate ovarian cancer (though not always).
- Biopsy : A tissue sample is examined to confirm cancer.
Lifestyle Tips for Prevention and Management
While not all cases of ovarian cancer can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes may help reduce risk:
- Healthy Diet : Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Regular Exercise : Staying active supports overall health.
- Avoid Smoking : Smoking increases cancer risk.
- Birth Control Pills : Long-term use may lower ovarian cancer risk (consult a doctor).
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding : These may reduce risk in some cases.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cancer stage and may include:
- Surgery : Removal of the tumour or ovaries.
- Chemotherapy : Drugs to kill cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy : Medications that attack specific cancer cells.
- Take Action; Early Detection Saves Lives
- If you notice persistent symptoms, don’t ignore them. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes.
Need a consultation?
You can book an appointment with an expert gynaecologist or oncologist through Apollo 24|7. Early screening and timely care make a difference.
Conclusion
Early awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms can make the difference between timely treatment and late-stage diagnosis. By staying informed, listening to your body, and seeking medical advice promptly, you take a vital step toward protecting your health.
Consult Top Specialist
Consult Top Specialist
Dr. Amit Choraria
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