Skin Cancer in People of Colour Worldwide
Know about skin cancer, what it is, how it differs with skin colour, common symptoms, causes and how to protect yourself from skin cancer.
Written by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 29th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Skin cancer is often thought of as a condition that primarily affects fair-skinned individuals, but people of colour (those with darker skin tones) can also develop skin cancer. While the risk may be lower, the consequences can be more severe due to late detection and misconceptions about skin cancer in darker skin. This article will help you understand skin cancer in people of colour, its symptoms, causes, and ways to protect yourself.
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow uncontrollably, usually due to damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. The three main types of skin cancer are:
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – The most common type, usually appearing as a pearly or waxy bump.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Often looks like a red, scaly patch or a sore that doesn’t heal.
3. Melanoma – The most dangerous type, which can spread quickly if not treated early.
People of colour are less likely to develop skin cancer than fair-skinned individuals, but when they do, it is often diagnosed at a later stage, making treatment more difficult.
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Why is Skin Cancer Different in People of Colour?
Melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour, provides some natural protection against UV damage. However, it does not make skin completely immune to skin cancer. In people of colour:
- Skin cancers often appear in areas not exposed to the sun, such as the palms, soles, nails, and inside the mouth.
- Melanoma, though rare, is more likely to develop in hidden areas like under the nails (subungual melanoma) or on the feet.
- Delayed diagnosis happens because both patients and doctors may not suspect skin cancer in darker skin, leading to worse outcomes.
Common Symptoms of Skin Cancer in Darker Skin
Since skin cancer can look different in people of colour, it’s important to watch for these signs:
- A dark spot, streak, or patch that changes in size, shape, or colour.
- A sore that doesn’t heal or keeps coming back.
- A firm, reddish, or brownish bump that grows over time.
- Dark lines under fingernails or toenails (not caused by injury).
- A patch of skin that feels rough, scaly, or crusty.
If you notice any of these changes, see a dermatologist as soon as possible.
What Causes Skin Cancer in People of Colour?
While UV exposure is a major cause, other factors contribute to skin cancer in darker skin:
1. Genetics – Some people have a family history of skin cancer.
2. Scars or burns – Long-term skin injuries can increase risk.
3. Weakened immune system – Conditions like HIV or medications that suppress immunity can raise risk.
4. Chemical exposure – Certain industrial chemicals may contribute.
5. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) – Some strains are linked to skin cancer in mucosal areas (mouth, genitals).
How to Protect Yourself from Skin Cancer?
Even if you have darker skin, sun protection is essential. Here’s how to reduce your risk:
1. Use Sunscreen Daily
- Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
- Reapply every 2 hours if outdoors.
- Don’t skip sunscreen on cloudy days—UV rays still penetrate.
2. Wear Protective Clothing
- Wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses help block UV rays.
- Dark or tightly woven fabrics offer better protection.
3. Avoid Peak Sun Hours
- Stay in the shade between 10 AM and 4 PM when the sun is strongest.
4. Check Your Skin Regularly
- Examine your entire body, including palms, soles, nails, and scalp.
- Look for new or changing spots and report them to a doctor.
5. Avoid Tanning Beds
- Artificial UV rays increase skin cancer risk, regardless of skin tone.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any unusual changes in your skin, such as:
- A new dark spot or mole that grows or changes colour.
- A sore that doesn’t heal.
- A bump that bleeds or itches.
Final Thoughts
Skin cancer can affect anyone, regardless of skin colour. While people of colour have a lower risk, the consequences can be severe if not caught early. By staying aware of changes in your skin, using sun protection, and seeing a doctor when needed, you can reduce your risk and stay healthy.
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
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Dr. Rupam Manna
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
4 Years • MBBS MD(RADIO THERAPY)
Barasat
Diab-Eat-Ease, Barasat
Dr Devashish Tripathi
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
20 Years • MBBS, PLAB, MRCP (UK)- General Medicine, FRCR (Oncology), Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT)- Clinical Oncology
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr Ankit Jain
Medical Oncologist
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