Dengue Diagnosis and Medical Testing
Learn how dengue is diagnosed through different medical tests. Understand when to get tested, warning signs of severe dengue, and what to do if you suspect dengue.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. Shaik Abdul Kalam MD (Physician)
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Dengue fever is a viral illness spread by mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of India. While many dengue cases are mild, some can become severe and require immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and proper testing are crucial to managing the disease effectively.
In this article, we’ll discuss:
- How dengue is diagnosed
- The different types of medical tests available
- When to get tested
- What to do if you suspect dengue
How is Dengue Diagnosed?
Since dengue symptoms can resemble other illnesses like flu or viral fever, doctors rely on medical tests for an accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis usually involves:
1. Medical History & Symptoms Check – Your doctor will ask about symptoms such as:
- High fever (sudden onset)
- Severe headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Muscle and joint pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Skin rash
- Mild bleeding (nose or gum bleeding)
2. Physical Examination – The doctor may check for signs like low blood pressure, swollen glands, or skin rashes.
3. Blood Tests – Since dengue affects blood platelets and white blood cells, lab tests are essential for confirmation.
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Types of Dengue Tests
Several blood tests help detect dengue infection. The most common ones are:
1. NS1 Antigen Test (Early Detection)
- When to take it? Within the first 5 days of symptoms.
- What does it detect? The NS1 protein, which appears early in dengue infection.
- Why is it useful? Helps diagnose dengue before antibodies develop.
2. Dengue IgM Antibody Test (Later Stage Detection)
- When to take it? After 5-7 days of symptoms.
- What does it detect? IgM antibodies, which the body produces in response to dengue.
- Why is it useful? Confirms recent dengue infection.
3. Dengue IgG Antibody Test (Past Infection Check)
- When to take it? After recovery or to check for past infection.
- What does it detect? IgG antibodies, which remain in the body long-term.
- Why is it useful? Helps determine if someone had dengue before.
4. RT-PCR Test (Most Accurate for Early Detection)
- When to take it? Within the first 5 days of symptoms.
- What does it detect? The genetic material (RNA) of the dengue virus.
- Why is it useful? Highly accurate and confirms dengue type (DEN-1, DEN-2, etc.).
5. Complete Blood Count (CBC) – Monitors Complications
- What does it check? Platelet count, white blood cells (WBC), and hematocrit levels.
- Why is it important? A drop in platelets or rise in hematocrit may indicate severe dengue (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
or Dengue Shock Syndrome).
Member priceWhen Should You Get Tested?
If you experience dengue-like symptoms, especially in mosquito-prone areas, consult a doctor immediately. Early testing helps in:
- Confirming dengue early
- Preventing complications
- Getting timely treatment
Warning Signs of Severe Dengue (Require Emergency Care):
While mild dengue can often be managed at home, it’s important to recognize when the condition becomes serious and needs urgent medical attention. The key warning signs of severe dengue include:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent vomiting
- Bleeding gums/nose
- Fatigue or restlessness
- Rapid drop in platelets
What to Do If You Suspect Dengue?
Early recognition and action are crucial when dealing with dengue to prevent complications and ensure timely treatment.
- Consult a Doctor – Do not ignore symptoms; early diagnosis helps in better recovery.
- Stay Hydrated – Drink plenty of fluids (water, ORS, coconut water).
- Avoid Painkillers Like Aspirin or Ibuprofen – These can increase bleeding risk. Use paracetamol (only as prescribed).
- Monitor Platelet Count – If diagnosed, regular CBC tests help track severity.
- Prevent Mosquito Bites – Use mosquito nets, repellents, and wear full-sleeved clothing to avoid spreading the virus.
Final Thoughts
Dengue can be mild or severe, so early testing is crucial. If you or a loved one shows symptoms, don’t delay; get tested and follow medical advice. With proper care, most people recover fully. Stay safe, stay hydrated, and protect yourself from mosquito bites!
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Ashita Kuruvilla
General Practitioner
6 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
KVC CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Divyashree K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Dhanraj K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
25 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine - Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
Consult a Top General Physician for the best advice
Dr. Swathi Reddy Perugu
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
7 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine)
Hyderabad
Health plus, Hyderabad
Dr. Ashita Kuruvilla
General Practitioner
6 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
KVC CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Harshendra Jaiswal
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
12 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine)
Kolkata
108 DHANA DHANVANTARI Clinic, Kolkata
(25+ Patients)
Divyashree K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
5 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Dhanraj K
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
25 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine - Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(375+ Patients)
