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Understanding Hyperglycemia: Causes and Treatments

Understand hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, including its common causes like diet, stress, and medication, especially for those with diabetes. Learn effective treatments, from lifestyle changes to medication, to manage levels and prevent serious complications.

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Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima

Reviewed by Dr. Siri Nallapu MBBS

Last updated on 30th Jul, 2025

Introduction

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a common health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when there is too much glucose (sugar) in the blood, often due to the body's inability to produce or use insulin effectively. While hyperglycemia is commonly associated with diabetes, it can also occur in people without diabetes due to various reasons.

This article will help you understand what hyperglycemia is, its causes, symptoms, and how it can be managed effectively.

What is Hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia simply means high blood sugar levels. Normally, our body maintains blood sugar levels within a healthy range with the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter cells to be used for energy. When this process is disrupted, glucose builds up in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia.

 Key Blood Sugar Levels to Know:

  •  Normal fasting blood sugar: 70–99 mg/dL

  •  Prediabetes (higher than normal): 100–125 mg/dL

  •  Diabetes (hyperglycemia): 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia

Recognizing the signs of hyperglycemia early can help prevent complications. Common symptoms include:

  •  Increased thirst and dry mouth

  •  Frequent urination

  •  Fatigue or tiredness

  •  Blurred vision

  •  Slow healing wounds

  •  Recurrent infections (e.g., urinary or skin infections)

  •  Unexplained weight loss (in severe cases)

If left untreated, prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, and heart problems.

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Causes of Hyperglycemia

Several factors can contribute to high blood sugar levels:

 1. Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)

  •  Type 1 Diabetes: The body doesn’t produce insulin due to an autoimmune reaction.

  •  Type 2 Diabetes: The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough.

 2. Poor Diet & Unhealthy Eating Habits

 Eating too many sugary or high carb foods can spike blood sugar.

 3. Lack of Physical Activity

 Exercise helps muscles use glucose for energy. Inactivity can lead to sugar buildup.

 4. Stress & Illness

 Physical or emotional stress triggers hormones that raise blood sugar.

 5. Medications (e.g., Steroids)

 Some medications can interfere with insulin function.

 6. Missing Insulin or Diabetes Medication

 Skipping doses can cause blood sugar to rise.

Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Tips

Dr. Rajib Ghose, General Practitioner

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25 Years • MBBS

East Midnapore

VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore

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Dr. Indrajit Das, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Indrajit Das

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

4 Years • "MD (Internal medicine) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2018-2021) MD (Pathology) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2012-2015) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) : Silchar Medical College, Assam (2003-2008) "

Guwahati

Apollo Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati

700

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Dr Vinay Kumar A V, Nephrologist

Dr Vinay Kumar A V

Nephrologist

8 Years • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Nephrology

Bilaspur

Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur

800

800

No Booking Fees

Dr. Shakti, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Shakti

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

25 Years • MBBS, DNB, PGDHIVM, MRCP (UK)

Delhi

Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi

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How to Manage Hyperglycemia?

Managing hyperglycemia involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication (if needed), and regular monitoring. Here are some effective ways to keep blood sugar in check:

 1. Monitor Blood Sugar Regularly

  •  Use a glucometer to track levels, especially if you have diabetes.

  •  Keep a log to identify patterns and adjust treatment accordingly.

 2. Follow a Balanced Diet

  • Choose low glycemic foods: Whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.

  • Limit sugary foods and refined carbs: Avoid sodas, candies, white bread, and pastries.

  • Eat smaller, frequent meals: Helps prevent blood sugar spikes.

 3. Stay Active

  •  Exercise regularly: Walking, swimming, or yoga can help lower blood sugar.

  •  Aim for at least 15-30 minutes of moderate activity per week.

 4. Take Medications as Prescribed

  •  If you have diabetes, follow your doctor’s advice on insulin or oral medications.

  •  Never skip doses without consulting your doctor.

 5. Stay Hydrated

 Drinking water helps flush out excess sugar through urine.

 6. Manage Stress

 Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or hobbies.

 7. Get Enough Sleep

 Poor sleep affects insulin sensitivity, so aim for 7–9 hours per night.

When to See a Doctor?

If you experience frequent hyperglycemia symptoms or have blood sugar levels consistently above 180 mg/dL, consult a doctor. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can lead to:

  •  Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) – A dangerous condition in Type 1 diabetes.

  •  Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) – A lifethreatening complication in Type 2 diabetes.

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Final Thoughts

Hyperglycemia is a manageable condition with the right lifestyle changes and medical care. By staying aware of your diet, exercising regularly, and monitoring your blood sugar, you can maintain healthy levels and prevent complications.

If you suspect you have hyperglycemia, don’t ignore the signs—early detection and treatment can make a big difference in your longterm health.

Consult Top Specialists

Dr. Rajib Ghose, General Practitioner

Dr. Rajib Ghose

General Practitioner

25 Years • MBBS

East Midnapore

VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore

950

850

Dr. Indrajit Das, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Indrajit Das

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

4 Years • "MD (Internal medicine) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2018-2021) MD (Pathology) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2012-2015) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) : Silchar Medical College, Assam (2003-2008) "

Guwahati

Apollo Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati

700

No Booking Fees

Dr Vinay Kumar A V, Nephrologist

Dr Vinay Kumar A V

Nephrologist

8 Years • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Nephrology

Bilaspur

Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur

800

800

No Booking Fees

Dr. Shakti, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Shakti

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

25 Years • MBBS, DNB, PGDHIVM, MRCP (UK)

Delhi

Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi

recommendation

98%

(225+ Patients)

2000

200 Cashback

Consult Top Specialists for Personalised Tips

Dr. Rajib Ghose, General Practitioner

Dr. Rajib Ghose

General Practitioner

25 Years • MBBS

East Midnapore

VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore

950

850

Dr. Indrajit Das, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Indrajit Das

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

4 Years • "MD (Internal medicine) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2018-2021) MD (Pathology) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2012-2015) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) : Silchar Medical College, Assam (2003-2008) "

Guwahati

Apollo Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati

700

No Booking Fees

Dr Vinay Kumar A V, Nephrologist

Dr Vinay Kumar A V

Nephrologist

8 Years • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Nephrology

Bilaspur

Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur

800

800

No Booking Fees

Dr. Mira Govindarajan, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Mira Govindarajan

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

24 Years • MD., MHA

Chennai

Apollo Medical Centre Kotturpuram, Chennai

500

No Booking Fees

Dr. Shakti, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Shakti

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

25 Years • MBBS, DNB, PGDHIVM, MRCP (UK)

Delhi

Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi

recommendation

98%

(225+ Patients)

2000

200 Cashback

Consult Top Specialists

Dr. Rajib Ghose, General Practitioner

Dr. Rajib Ghose

General Practitioner

25 Years • MBBS

East Midnapore

VIVEKANANDA SEBA SADAN, East Midnapore

950

850

Dr. Indrajit Das, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Indrajit Das

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

4 Years • "MD (Internal medicine) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2018-2021) MD (Pathology) : Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati (2012-2015) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) : Silchar Medical College, Assam (2003-2008) "

Guwahati

Apollo Excelcare Hospital, Guwahati

700

No Booking Fees

Dr Vinay Kumar A V, Nephrologist

Dr Vinay Kumar A V

Nephrologist

8 Years • MBBS, MD - General Medicine, DM - Nephrology

Bilaspur

Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur

800

800

No Booking Fees

Dr. Mira Govindarajan, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Mira Govindarajan

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

24 Years • MD., MHA

Chennai

Apollo Medical Centre Kotturpuram, Chennai

500

No Booking Fees

Dr. Shakti, General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

Dr. Shakti

General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist

25 Years • MBBS, DNB, PGDHIVM, MRCP (UK)

Delhi

Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi

recommendation

98%

(225+ Patients)

2000

200 Cashback

Get Your Symptoms Assessed

80(₹200)60% off

619(₹1547)60% off

1074(₹2685)60% off

1799(₹4497)60% off

3349(₹8373)60% off

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