Ankylosing Spondylitis Overview and Diagnosis
Discover what ankylosing spondylitis is, its symptoms, causes, and diagnostic methods to ensure early detection and effective management of this chronic condition.
Introduction
Living with chronic back pain can be exhausting, especially when it doesn’t go away with rest. If you or a loved one has been experiencing persistent stiffness and pain in the lower back or hips, it could be a sign of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). This article will help you understand what AS is, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and how to manage it effectively.
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints (where the spine connects to the pelvis). Over time, the inflammation can lead to stiffness and, in severe cases, fusion of the vertebrae (bones in the spine), making movement difficult.
AS is a chronic condition, meaning it lasts for a long time, but early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Common Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis
The symptoms of AS can vary from person to person, but some of the most common signs include:
Chronic back pain and stiffness (especially in the lower back and hips)
Pain that worsens with rest and improves with movement
Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
Fatigue and discomfort due to inflammation
Reduced flexibility in the spine over time
Pain in other joints (shoulders, knees, or heels)
Eye inflammation (uveitis) causing redness, pain, and blurred vision
In advanced cases, AS can lead to a hunched posture if the spine fuses. Some people may also experience digestive issues or heart-related complications due to prolonged inflammation.
What Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis?
The exact cause of AS is not fully understood, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors:
Genetics (HLA-B27 gene): Most people with AS carry the HLA-B27 gene, but not everyone with this gene develops the condition.
Immune System Dysfunction: AS is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the joints.
Environmental Triggers: Infections or other factors may trigger AS in genetically predisposed individuals.
How is Ankylosing Spondylitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing AS can be challenging because early symptoms resemble common back pain. However, doctors use a combination of methods:
1. Medical History & Physical Exam:
The doctor will ask about your symptoms, family history, and perform a physical exam to check for pain and stiffness.
2. Blood Tests:
HLA-B27 Test: Checks for the presence of the gene linked to AS.
Inflammatory Markers (ESR & CRP): High levels may indicate inflammation.
3. Imaging Tests:
X-rays: Can show changes in the spine and sacroiliac joints over time.
MRI Scans: Detect early inflammation before structural damage appears.
If you suspect you have AS, consult a rheumatologist (a specialist in arthritis and autoimmune diseases) for an accurate diagnosis.
Managing Ankylosing Spondylitis
While there is no cure for AS, early treatment can help control symptoms and prevent complications. Here are some ways to manage AS effectively:
1. Medications
NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Naproxen): Reduce pain and inflammation.
DMARDs (Sulfasalazine, Methotrexate): Slow disease progression.
Biologics (TNF inhibitors like Adalimumab, Etanercept): Target inflammation at the source.
2. Exercise & Physical Therapy
Stretching & Strengthening Exercises: Improve flexibility and posture.
Low-Impact Activities: Swimming, yoga, and walking help maintain mobility.
Posture Training: Prevents spine stiffness and deformity.
3. Lifestyle Changes
Quit Smoking: Smoking worsens inflammation and accelerates spinal damage.
Healthy Diet: Anti-inflammatory foods (fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts) may help.
Good Sleep Habits: Use a supportive mattress and avoid sleeping on your stomach.
4. Pain Management
Heat/Cold Therapy: Warm baths or ice packs can ease stiffness and pain.
Massage & Acupuncture: May provide relief for some individuals.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Persistent back pain lasting more than 3 months
Morning stiffness that improves with movement
Pain that worsens at night
Family history of AS or autoimmune diseases
Don’t ignore these signs; early diagnosis can make a big difference!
Final Thoughts
Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis can be challenging, but with the right care, you can lead an active and fulfilling life. Early diagnosis, medication, exercise, and lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing symptoms. If you or someone you know is struggling with chronic back pain, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Consult a Rheumatologist for the best advice
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr Ankit Patowari
Rheumatologist
6 Years • MBBS, MD MEDICINE, DM RHEUMATOLOGY
Guwahati
Apollo Clinic Guwahati, Assam, Guwahati
Dr. Zulkarnain
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS, PGDM, FFM
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Sriram S
Rheumatologist
14 Years • MD(G.Med) DM
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(375+ Patients)
Dr. Brig K Shanmuganandan
Rheumatologist
20 Years • MBBS, MD (Med.), DNB (Med.), Fellow (Rheuma.)
Chennai
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road, Chennai
(450+ Patients)
