Epididymitis Overview Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, often causing scrotal pain and swelling. Discover its common symptoms, potential causes such as infections or injury, and available treatment options for relief.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Epididymitis is a common condition that affects men, causing pain and swelling in the epididymis—a coiled tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. While it can be uncomfortable, the good news is that it’s usually treatable with proper medical care.
In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about epididymitis—its symptoms, causes, and treatment options—in simple, easy-to-understand terms.
What is Epididymitis?
Epididymitis occurs when the epididymis becomes inflamed, often due to an infection or irritation. This condition can affect men of all ages but is most common in those between 14 and 35 years old.
Types of Epididymitis
1. Acute Epididymitis: Sudden onset, lasting less than six weeks.
2. Chronic Epididymitis: Persistent pain lasting longer than six weeks.
Symptoms of Epididymitis
The most common signs include:
• Pain and tenderness in one or both testicles (usually starts mild and worsens over time).
• Swelling and redness in the scrotum.
• Warmth or fever (if caused by an infection).
• Painful urination or frequent urination.
• Discharge from the penis.
• Blood in semen (rare).
If you experience sudden, severe testicular pain, seek medical help immediately, as it could also indicate testicular torsion (a medical emergency).
Consult Top Specialists
What Causes Epididymitis?
Epididymitis can be caused by:
1. Bacterial Infections
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea (common in younger, sexually active men).
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or prostate infections (common in older men).
2. Non-Infectious Causes
• Physical strain (heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, or cycling).
• Trauma or injury to the groin area.
• Chemical irritation (urine flowing backward into the epididymis).
3. Other Factors
• Enlarged prostate (blocking urine flow).
• Recent urinary catheter use or surgery.
How is Epididymitis Diagnosed?
Your doctor may perform:
• Physical examination (checking for swelling and tenderness).
• Urine tests (to detect infections).
• STI testing (if sexually transmitted infection is suspected).
• Ultrasound (to rule out testicular torsion or other issues).
If you suspect epididymitis, consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options for Epididymitis
Here are some treatment options for epididymitis:
1. Antibiotics (for Bacterial Infections)
• If caused by an STI, both you and your partner may need treatment.
• For UTIs, a course of antibiotics is usually prescribed.
2. Pain Management
• Over-the-counter pain relievers (ibuprofen, acetaminophen).
• Scrotal support (wearing snug underwear or an athletic supporter).
• Ice packs to reduce swelling.
3. Home Care & Lifestyle Changes
• Rest and avoid heavy lifting.
• Stay hydrated to flush out bacteria.
• Avoid sexual activity until symptoms improve.
• Elevate the scrotum while lying down to reduce swelling.
4. Surgery (Rare Cases)
• If an abscess forms or symptoms persist, minor surgery may be needed.
Can Epididymitis Be Prevented?
While not all cases can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:
• Practising safe sex (using condoms to prevent STIs).
• Urinating after sex to flush out bacteria.
• Staying hydrated to avoid UTIs.
• Avoiding prolonged sitting or cycling pressure on the groin.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical help if you experience:
• Severe or worsening pain.
• Fever or chills.
• Blood in urine or semen.
• Symptoms lasting more than a few days.
If left untreated, epididymitis can lead to complications like chronic pain, abscesses, or infertility.
Conclusion
Epididymitis can be painful, but with the right treatment, most men recover fully. If you notice symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical help. Taking care of your health early can make all the difference!
If you’re experiencing symptoms of epididymitis, don’t ignore them. Early treatment can prevent complications. Book a consultation with a urologist on Apollo 24|7 for expert advice and care.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Moin Mohammed Bavakatti
Urologist
13 Years • MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Mch (Urology), DNB (Urology), Diploma in Minimal Access Surgery, Fellow of Internal College of Robotic Surgeons), Vinci Surgical system, Fellow in Endocrinology, Clinical and Research fellow in Laparoscopic Urology, Laser Endourology & Laparoscopic & Robotic Urology, Fellowship in 3D laparoscopic Urology
Bengaluru
Dr Moin Mohammed Bhavikatti Clinic, Bengaluru
(150+ Patients)
Dr. J Chaithanya
Urologist
6 Years • MBBS MS GENERAL SURGERY MCH UROLOGY
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Yogesh Taneja
Urologist
15 Years • MBBS , MS (General surgery), DNB (Genito Urinary Surgery)
Gurugram
Procyon Health, Gurugram
Dr. Mohammed Rehan Khan
Urologist
8 Years • MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Mch (Urology)
Barasat
Diab-Eat-Ease, Barasat
Dr. Kunal Kumar Mehar
Urologist
10 Years • Mbbs, Ms, Mch
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Consult Top Specialists
Dr. Moin Mohammed Bavakatti
Urologist
13 Years • MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Mch (Urology), DNB (Urology), Diploma in Minimal Access Surgery, Fellow of Internal College of Robotic Surgeons), Vinci Surgical system, Fellow in Endocrinology, Clinical and Research fellow in Laparoscopic Urology, Laser Endourology & Laparoscopic & Robotic Urology, Fellowship in 3D laparoscopic Urology
Bengaluru
Dr Moin Mohammed Bhavikatti Clinic, Bengaluru
(150+ Patients)
Dr. J Chaithanya
Urologist
6 Years • MBBS MS GENERAL SURGERY MCH UROLOGY
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Yogesh Taneja
Urologist
15 Years • MBBS , MS (General surgery), DNB (Genito Urinary Surgery)
Gurugram
Procyon Health, Gurugram
Dr. Mohammed Rehan Khan
Urologist
8 Years • MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Mch (Urology)
Barasat
Diab-Eat-Ease, Barasat
Dr. Kunal Kumar Mehar
Urologist
10 Years • Mbbs, Ms, Mch
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
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