Infertility in Women - Types and Causes
Know about the infertility in women, types, common causes and tips to improve fertility.
Introduction
Infertility can be a challenging and emotional journey for many women and couples. If you or someone you know is struggling to conceive, it’s important to understand that infertility is a common issue, and you are not alone. In this article, we’ll discuss the types and causes of infertility in women, along with helpful tips and guidance on seeking support.
Consult Obstetrician for Personalised Advice
Understanding Infertility in Women
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (or six months if the woman is over 35). It can be caused by various factors, including hormonal imbalances, structural issues, or lifestyle influences.
Types of Infertility in Women
1. Primary Infertility – When a woman has never been able to conceive naturally.
2. Secondary Infertility – When a woman has previously conceived but is now unable to do so again.
3. Unexplained Infertility – When no clear cause is found despite thorough testing.
Common Causes of Female Infertility
Several factors can contribute to infertility in women. Let’s explore the most common ones:
1. Ovulation Disorders
Ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) is essential for pregnancy. Conditions that disrupt ovulation include:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – A hormonal disorder causing irregular or absent ovulation.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) – Early loss of ovarian function before age 40.
Thyroid Disorders – Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect ovulation.
2. Fallopian Tube Blockage or Damage
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevent sperm from reaching the egg, or the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus. Causes include:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Previous surgeries or infections
Endometriosis
3. Uterine or Cervical Abnormalities
Structural issues in the uterus or cervix can interfere with conception or implantation:
Fibroids – Non-cancerous growths in the uterus.
Endometriosis – Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, affecting fertility.
Cervical Stenosis – Narrowing of the cervix, preventing sperm from entering.
4. Age-Related Factors
A woman’s fertility naturally declines with age, particularly after 35, due to a decrease in egg quality and quantity.
5. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
Smoking & Alcohol – Can reduce fertility and increase miscarriage risk.
Obesity or Underweight – Both extremes can disrupt hormonal balance.
Stress & Poor Diet – Chronic stress and nutritional deficiencies may affect reproductive health.
When to Seek Help?
If you’ve been trying to conceive for a year (or six months if you’re over 35) without success, it’s advisable to consult a fertility specialist. Early evaluation can help identify any underlying issues and improve your chances of conception.
Tips to Improve Fertility
While some causes of infertility require medical intervention, certain lifestyle changes can enhance fertility:
Maintain a Healthy Weight – Balanced BMI improves hormonal function.
Eat a Nutrient-Rich Diet – Include folate, zinc, iron, and omega-3s.
Exercise Moderately – Avoid excessive workouts that disrupt ovulation.
Reduce Stress – Yoga, meditation, and therapy can help.
Avoid Smoking & Alcohol – Both negatively impact fertility.
Final Thoughts
Infertility can be emotionally taxing, but understanding its causes and seeking timely help can make a significant difference. Remember, many women successfully conceive with the right treatment and support. Stay hopeful and take proactive steps toward your fertility journey.
Consult Obstetrician for Personalised Advice
Consult Obstetrician for Personalised Advice
Dr. Sowbarnika Ramamoorthy
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
20 Years • MD.DNB.MNAMS. FMAS, MRCOG (LONDON)
Chennai
Apollo Women Hospitals Thousand Lights, Chennai
(75+ Patients)
Dr. Vishnu Vandana
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
20 Years • DNB (OBGYN)
Chennai
Apollo Women Hospitals Thousand Lights, Chennai
(125+ Patients)
Dr Shanta Bhaskaran
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
35 Years • MBBS MD DGO
Chennai
Apollo Women Hospitals Thousand Lights, Chennai
(50+ Patients)
Dr. Indra Venkataraman
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
29 Years • MBBS, DGO, DIP NB, MNAMS, PGD -DIAB.
Chennai
Apollo First Med Hospitals P H Road, Chennai
Dr. Kondammal
Obstetrician and Gynaecologist
29 Years • MD DGO DNB
Chennai
Apollo Women Hospitals Thousand Lights, Chennai
(50+ Patients)
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