Pemphigus Vulgaris Overview and Management
Explore an overview of Pemphigus Vulgaris, a rare autoimmune skin disorder. Understand its symptoms, causes, diagnosis methods, and treatment options to help manage this chronic condition effectively.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 25th Aug, 2025
Introduction
Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes (such as the mouth, throat, and genitals). In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing painful blisters and sores.
Unlike common skin conditions, PV is not contagious; you cannot catch it from someone else. However, it can significantly impact daily life if not managed properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to controlling symptoms and preventing complications.
Symptoms of Pemphigus Vulgaris
The most common signs of PV include:
• Painful blisters that start in the mouth or on the skin and may spread.
• Sores that ooze, crust, or peel and take a long time to heal.
• Skin peeling easily with minor rubbing (Nikolsky’s sign).
• Mouth ulcers that make eating and drinking difficult.
• Blisters on the scalp, face, chest, or groin.
Since these sores can become infected, it’s important to seek medical attention if you notice these symptoms.
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
What Causes Pemphigus Vulgaris?
PV occurs when the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack proteins (desmogleins) that hold skin cells together. This leads to separation between skin layers, forming blisters.
While the exact cause is unknown, certain factors may trigger PV, including:
• Genetics – Some people may have a genetic predisposition.
• Medications – Certain blood pressure drugs (like ACE inhibitors) may trigger PV in rare cases.
• Other autoimmune disorders – Conditions like myasthenia gravis or lupus may increase the risk.
How Is Pemphigus Vulgaris Diagnosed?
If you have persistent blisters or sores, a dermatologist may perform:
1. Skin biopsy – A small skin sample is examined under a microscope.
2. Blood tests – To detect antibodies linked to PV.
3. Direct immunofluorescence – A specialized test to confirm the diagnosis.
Early diagnosis helps in better management and prevents severe complications.
Treatment and Management
PV is a chronic condition, but with proper treatment, symptoms can be controlled. The main goal is to reduce blister formation, heal existing sores, and prevent infections.
Medical Treatments
1. Corticosteroids (like prednisone) – These are the first-line treatment to suppress the immune system.
2. Immunosuppressants (such as azathioprine or mycophenolate) – Used to reduce steroid dosage and side effects.
3. Rituximab – A biologic drug that targets specific immune cells causing PV.
4. Antibiotics/Antifungals – If blisters get infected.
Self-Care and Lifestyle Tips
While medical treatment is essential, these steps can help manage symptoms:
Gentle Skin Care
• Avoid harsh soaps; use mild, fragrance-free cleansers.
• Keep blisters clean and covered to prevent infection.
Oral Hygiene
• Use a soft toothbrush and mild mouthwash.
• Avoid spicy, acidic, or hard foods that can irritate mouth sores.
Diet and Hydration
• Eat soft, nutritious foods (like yogurt, soups, mashed potatoes).
• Stay hydrated to help healing.
Avoid Triggers
• Protect skin from excessive sun exposure.
• Manage stress, as it may worsen flare-ups.
Regular Follow-ups
Work closely with your doctor to adjust medications as needed.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
• New or worsening blisters.
• Signs of infection (pus, fever, increased pain).
• Difficulty eating or drinking due to mouth sores.
Early intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Final Thoughts
Living with Pemphigus Vulgaris can be challenging, but with the right treatment and care, most people can manage their symptoms effectively. If you suspect PV or need expert advice, consult a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment.
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Dr. S Madhuri
Dermatologist
10 Years • MBBS, MD. DVL, DNB, Fellow (Dermatosurgery & Lasers)
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(300+ Patients)
Dr. Kavitha Killaparthy
Dermatologist
23 Years • MBBS,DIPLOMA(DERMATOLOGY,VENEREOLOGY,LEPROSY)
Hyderabad
JDS Skin & Hair Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Jyotirmay Bharti
Dermatologist
15 Years • MBBS, DDV
Gurugram
SQUARE ROOTS- HAIR, SKIN AND LASER CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr. Syeda Sarwath Saniya
Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS,DVD
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr Shailaja Pm
Dermatologist
26 Years • MBBS, DIPLOMA IN DERMATOLOGY, VENEREOLOGY AND LEPROSY, FAM
Bengaluru
Sri Siri Skin Aesthetic and Hair Transplantation Clinic, Bengaluru
Consult a Dermatologist for the best advice
Dr. S Madhuri
Dermatologist
10 Years • MBBS, MD. DVL, DNB, Fellow (Dermatosurgery & Lasers)
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
(300+ Patients)
Dr. Kavitha Killaparthy
Dermatologist
23 Years • MBBS,DIPLOMA(DERMATOLOGY,VENEREOLOGY,LEPROSY)
Hyderabad
JDS Skin & Hair Clinic, Hyderabad
Dr. Jyotirmay Bharti
Dermatologist
15 Years • MBBS, DDV
Gurugram
SQUARE ROOTS- HAIR, SKIN AND LASER CLINIC, Gurugram
Dr. Syeda Sarwath Saniya
Dermatologist
5 Years • MBBS,DVD
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr Shailaja Pm
Dermatologist
26 Years • MBBS, DIPLOMA IN DERMATOLOGY, VENEREOLOGY AND LEPROSY, FAM
Bengaluru
Sri Siri Skin Aesthetic and Hair Transplantation Clinic, Bengaluru
