Spinal Stenosis Overview and Management
Learn about spinal stenosis, its causes, symptoms, and effective management options, including treatments and lifestyle adjustments for better mobility and pain relief.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 28th Aug, 2025
Spinal stenosis is a condition that affects the spine, causing pain and discomfort due to the narrowing of spaces within the spinal canal. This narrowing can put pressure on the nerves and spinal cord, leading to various symptoms. While it is more common in older adults, younger individuals with certain conditions may also experience it.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with spinal stenosis, understanding the condition, its symptoms, and management options can help you take control of your health and improve your quality of life.
What Is Spinal Stenosis?
Spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, compressing the nerves and spinal cord. This can happen in different parts of the spine:
- Cervical Stenosis – Affects the neck region.
- Lumbar Stenosis – Affects the lower back, the most common type.
The narrowing can be caused by age-related wear and tear, injuries, or other spinal conditions.
Consult a Top Orthopedist
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms vary depending on the location of the stenosis:
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (Lower Back)
- Pain or cramping in the legs (especially when walking or standing for long periods).
- Numbness or tingling in the legs, buttocks, or feet.
- Weakness in the legs.
- Relief when sitting or bending forward.
Cervical Spinal Stenosis (Neck)
- Neck pain and stiffness.
- Numbness or weakness in the arms, hands, or fingers.
- Balance problems or difficulty walking.
- In severe cases, loss of bladder or bowel control (requires immediate medical attention).
What Causes Spinal Stenosis?
The most common causes include:
1. Aging – Wear and tear over time can lead to thickened ligaments, bone spurs, or herniated discs.
2. Arthritis – Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can contribute to spinal narrowing.
3. Herniated Discs – When a disc bulges, it can press on nerves.
4. Injuries – Trauma from accidents or fractures can lead to stenosis.
5. Congenital Factors – Some people are born with a naturally narrow spinal canal.
How Is Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed?
If you experience persistent back or neck pain with nerve-related symptoms, consult a doctor. Diagnosis may include:
- Physical Examination – Checking for pain, weakness, and reflexes.
- Imaging Tests – MRI, CT scan, or X-rays to visualize the spine.
- Nerve Tests – Electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function.
Managing Spinal Stenosis
While spinal stenosis is a chronic condition, many treatments can help manage symptoms effectively.
1. Non-Surgical Treatments
- Medications – Pain relievers (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or nerve pain medications like gabapentin.
- Physical Therapy – Strengthening exercises and stretches to improve flexibility and reduce pressure on nerves.
- Steroid Injections – Corticosteroid injections can reduce inflammation and pain.
Lifestyle Modifications –
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress.
Avoid activities that worsen symptoms (prolonged standing or walking).
Use assistive devices like a cane for better balance.
2. Surgical Options (If Needed)
If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be recommended:
- Laminectomy – Removing part of the bone to create more space.
- Spinal Fusion – Stabilizing the spine by fusing vertebrae.
3. Home Remedies & Self-Care
- Heat/Cold Therapy – Applying heat packs or ice to reduce pain.
- Gentle Exercises – Walking, swimming, or yoga to maintain mobility.
- Posture Correction – Sitting and standing with proper alignment.
When to See a Doctor?
Seek medical help if you experience:
- Severe pain that disrupts daily life.
- Numbness or weakness in limbs.
- Loss of bladder/bowel control (emergency).
If you suspect spinal stenosis or need expert advice, you can book a consultation with a spine specialist on Apollo 24|7 for personalized care.
Final Thoughts
Spinal stenosis can be challenging, but with the right approach, symptoms can be managed effectively. Early diagnosis, lifestyle adjustments, and proper medical care can help you stay active and pain-free. If you or someone you know is struggling with back or neck pain, don’t ignore it, reach out to a healthcare provider for guidance. Schedule a consultation today and take the first step toward better spinal health!
Consult a Top Orthopedist
Consult a Top Orthopedist
Dr. Vishruta A V
Orthopaedician
5 Years • MBBS MS Orthopaedics
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Sushruth J
Orthopaedician
5 Years • MBBS, MS (ORTHOPEDICS),Fellowship in Arthroplasty,FRGUHS – Spine surgery,FIFA Diploma in Football Medicine
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Kaushik Reddy
Orthopedics-Sports Medicine
16 Years • Fellow in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery(Japan) - 2017 Fellow in Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery (Germany) - 2015 Fellow in Adult Knee Reconstruction & Sports Medi-cine(New Delhi) - 2013 M.S Orthopedic Surgery (Chennai) 20 M.B.B.S (Pune) - 2006
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(300+ Patients)
Dr. Jatin Vakhariya
Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon
11 Years • MBBS, DNB (ORTHO), D. ORTHO, FIAS
Ahmedabad
Apollo Hospitals Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad
Dr Vikas P Birla
Orthopedics-Sports Medicine
13 Years • MBBS, DNB, MNAMS, Fellowship in Shoulder and Sports Injury
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Consult a Top Orthopedist
Dr. Vishruta A V
Orthopaedician
5 Years • MBBS MS Orthopaedics
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Sushruth J
Orthopaedician
5 Years • MBBS, MS (ORTHOPEDICS),Fellowship in Arthroplasty,FRGUHS – Spine surgery,FIFA Diploma in Football Medicine
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Kaushik Reddy
Orthopedics-Sports Medicine
16 Years • Fellow in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery(Japan) - 2017 Fellow in Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery (Germany) - 2015 Fellow in Adult Knee Reconstruction & Sports Medi-cine(New Delhi) - 2013 M.S Orthopedic Surgery (Chennai) 20 M.B.B.S (Pune) - 2006
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(300+ Patients)
Dr. Jatin Vakhariya
Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon
11 Years • MBBS, DNB (ORTHO), D. ORTHO, FIAS
Ahmedabad
Apollo Hospitals Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad
Dr Vikas P Birla
Orthopedics-Sports Medicine
13 Years • MBBS, DNB, MNAMS, Fellowship in Shoulder and Sports Injury
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
