Types of Dialysis Explained
Dialysis is a vital treatment for kidney failure, with two main types: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Learn how each works, their pros and cons, and how to manage your health during dialysis.
Written by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 11th Aug, 2025
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with kidney failure, your doctor may have recommended dialysis. Dialysis is a life-saving treatment that helps your body perform some of the functions your kidneys can no longer do, such as removing waste and excess fluid from your blood.
Understanding the different types of dialysis can help you make informed decisions about your treatment. In this article, we’ll explain the two main types—hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis—in simple terms, along with their benefits, challenges, and tips for managing your health.
1. What Is Dialysis?
Your kidneys play a crucial role in filtering toxins, balancing fluids, and regulating blood pressure. When they stop working properly due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis becomes necessary.
Dialysis does not cure kidney disease, but it helps maintain your health by:
Removing waste and extra fluid from your blood.
Balancing electrolytes (like sodium and potassium).
Controlling blood pressure.
There are two main types of dialysis: hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Let’s explore both.
2. Hemodialysis (HD)
How It Works
Hemodialysis uses a machine called a dialyser (artificial kidney) to clean your blood. Here’s how it works:
1. Access Creation: Before starting, a surgeon creates an access point—usually in your arm—through which blood can flow in and out. This can be:
AV Fistula: A surgically connected artery and vein (most preferred).
AV Graft: A synthetic tube connecting artery and vein.
Central Venous Catheter (CVC): A temporary tube placed in a large vein (used in emergencies).
2. Blood Filtration: During treatment, your blood flows out of your body, gets cleaned by the dialyser, and returns to your body.
3. Frequency: Typically done 3 times a week, each session lasting 3-5 hours in a dialysis centre. Some patients may opt for home hemodialysis, which can be done more frequently.
Pros of Hemodialysis
Effective at removing waste quickly.
Done under medical supervision in a clinic.
No daily self-treatment required.
Cons of Hemodialysis
Requires regular visits to a dialysis centre.
Strict dietary and fluid restrictions.
Risk of low blood pressure, infections, or clotting at the access site.
Tips for Managing Hemodialysis
Follow a kidney-friendly diet (low sodium, potassium, and phosphorus).
Monitor fluid intake to avoid swelling or high blood pressure.
Protect your access site to prevent infections.
3. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
How It Works
Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter. A soft tube (catheter) is placed in your belly, and a special fluid (dialysate) is used to clean your blood inside your body.
Consult Top Specialists
There are two types of PD:
1. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD):
Done manually, 3-5 times a day.
Each exchange takes about 30-40 minutes.
You can move around while the fluid is in your belly.
2. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD):
Uses a machine (cycler) at night while you sleep.
Takes 8-10 hours and requires fewer daytime exchanges.
Pros of Peritoneal Dialysis
Can be done at home, offering more flexibility.
Fewer dietary restrictions compared to hemodialysis.
Gentler on the heart and blood vessels.
Cons of Peritoneal Dialysis
Risk of peritonitis (infection in the abdomen).
Requires daily treatment.
May not be suitable for people with abdominal surgeries or hernias.
Tips for Managing Peritoneal Dialysis
Maintain strict hygiene to prevent infections.
Store dialysis supplies in a clean, dry place.
Follow your doctor’s instructions for exchanges carefully.
4. Which Type Is Right for You?
The best choice depends on:
Lifestyle: Do you prefer home treatment (PD) or clinic visits (HD)?
Health Condition: Some patients with heart disease do better on PD.
Support System: Home dialysis requires caregiver assistance.
Your nephrologist (kidney specialist) will help you decide based on your medical needs.
5. Living Well with Dialysis
Dialysis is a lifelong commitment, but with the right care, you can maintain a good quality of life. Here are some general tips:
Eat Right: Follow a kidney-friendly diet (limit salt, potassium, and phosphorus).
Stay Active: Light exercise helps circulation and mood.
Monitor Fluid Intake: Too much fluid can cause swelling and high blood pressure.
Take Medications as Prescribed: Helps control blood pressure and prevent complications.
Stay Positive: Support groups and counselling can help emotionally.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Severe fatigue or confusion
Swelling in legs or shortness of breath
Fever or infection signs (redness at access site)
Sudden weight gain (fluid retention)
Consult your nephrologist immediately.
If you or a loved one needs guidance on dialysis options, Apollo24|7 offers expert nephrology consultations. You can also schedule tests and get personalised advice from top kidney specialists.
Call us or book an appointment online today!
Conclusion
Dialysis can seem overwhelming, but understanding your options makes it easier to manage. Whether you choose hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, working closely with your healthcare team ensures the best outcomes. Stay informed, follow your treatment plan, and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed.
Consult Top Specialists
Consult Top Specialists
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