Understanding Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)
Understand Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), its symptoms, causes, and impact on relationships. Learn how to identify traits of narcissism and explore treatment options for better mental health support.
Written by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai
Reviewed by Dr. M L Ezhilarasan MBBS
Last updated on 28th Aug, 2025
Living with or knowing someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) can be challenging. If you or a loved one is struggling with NPD, understanding the condition is the first step toward managing it better. This article will help you recognize the signs, causes, and ways to cope, whether you’re dealing with NPD yourself or supporting someone who is.
What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a mental health condition where a person has an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. While everyone may show narcissistic traits occasionally, people with NPD have persistent patterns of behavior that interfere with their relationships and daily life.
Common Symptoms of NPD
People with NPD often display the following behaviors:
- Grandiosity – They believe they are superior to others and expect constant praise.
- Need for admiration – They seek excessive attention and validation from others.
- Lack of empathy – They struggle to recognize or care about others’ feelings.
- Sense of entitlement – They believe they deserve special treatment.
- Exploitative behavior – They may take advantage of others to achieve their goals.
- Envy and arrogance – They may be jealous of others or act in a haughty manner.
It’s important to note that not everyone with narcissistic traits has NPD. A mental health professional can provide a proper diagnosis.
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What Causes NPD?
The exact cause of NPD is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
- Genetics – A family history of personality disorders may increase risk.
- Childhood experiences – Excessive pampering or extreme criticism in early life can play a role.
- Environment – Trauma, neglect, or unrealistic expectations from parents may contribute.
How Does NPD Affect Health and Relationships?
NPD can lead to difficulties in personal and professional relationships. People with NPD may struggle with:
- Maintaining healthy relationships – Their lack of empathy and need for control can push others away.
- Emotional distress – When they don’t receive admiration, they may feel angry or depressed.
- Workplace conflicts – Their sense of superiority can create tension with colleagues.
For those living with or caring for someone with NPD, the emotional toll can be significant, leading to stress, anxiety, or low self-esteem.
Can NPD Be Treated?
While NPD is a long-term condition, therapy can help manage symptoms. Common treatments include:
- Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy) – Helps individuals recognize harmful behaviors and develop healthier ways of thinking.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Focuses on changing negative thought patterns.
- Group Therapy – Provides support and feedback from others facing similar challenges.
Medication is not typically used for NPD itself but may help with co-occurring conditions like depression or anxiety.
Tips for Managing NPD (For Patients and Caregivers)
Below are few tips for managing NPD for patients and caregivers,
If You Have NPD:
- Seek professional help – Therapy can help you understand and modify harmful behaviors.
- Practice self-awareness – Reflect on how your actions affect others.
- Develop empathy – Try to listen and understand others’ feelings.
If You’re Supporting Someone with NPD:
- Set boundaries – Protect your emotional well-being by establishing limits.
- Avoid feeding their ego – Excessive praise may reinforce unhealthy behaviors.
- Encourage therapy – Gently suggest professional help without forcing it.
- Take care of yourself – Seek support from friends, family, or a therapist.
When to Seek Help
If you or someone you know shows signs of NPD that are causing distress in relationships, work, or mental health, consider consulting a mental health professional. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes.
Need Support? Apollo24|7 Can Help
If you suspect NPD in yourself or a loved one, Apollo24|7 offers expert mental health consultations. You can speak to a qualified therapist from the comfort of your home.
Conclusion
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is complex, but understanding it can make a big difference. Whether you’re dealing with NPD personally or supporting someone who is, compassion and professional guidance can help improve relationships and emotional well-being.
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Consult Top Psychologist
Dr Rohit Ranjan
Psychiatrist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (Psychiatry)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Kamal Kishore Verma
Psychiatrist
15 Years • MBBS, MD (SPM), DNB (Psychiatry)
Mathura
PEACEFUL MIND CLINIC, Mathura
Dr. Satrajit Ghosal
Psychiatrist
8 Years • MBBS,MD(PSYCHIATRY)
Howrah
LILA HEALTH POINT, Howrah
Dr Harish K S
Psychiatrist
6 Years • MBBS, MD Pychaitrist
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Kommoju Venkata Eswar
Psychiatrist
8 Years • MBBS, MD Psychiatry
Avenue
Wellness Point, Avenue
Consult Top Psychologist
Dr Rohit Ranjan
Psychiatrist
10 Years • MBBS, MD (Psychiatry)
Bengaluru
Apollo Medical Center, Marathahalli, Bengaluru
Dr. Kamal Kishore Verma
Psychiatrist
15 Years • MBBS, MD (SPM), DNB (Psychiatry)
Mathura
PEACEFUL MIND CLINIC, Mathura
Dr. Satrajit Ghosal
Psychiatrist
8 Years • MBBS,MD(PSYCHIATRY)
Howrah
LILA HEALTH POINT, Howrah
Dr Harish K S
Psychiatrist
6 Years • MBBS, MD Pychaitrist
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Kommoju Venkata Eswar
Psychiatrist
8 Years • MBBS, MD Psychiatry
Avenue
Wellness Point, Avenue
