Lactic Acidosis Overview and Management
Know about the lactic acidosis, what it is, symptoms, causes and how it affects the health. Learn about the management and prevention of lactic acidosis.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition that occurs when there’s too much lactic acid in the body. While lactic acid is normally produced during exercise or when the body lacks oxygen, excessive buildup can lead to serious health issues.
If someone you know has been diagnosed with lactic acidosis or is at risk, this article will help you understand the condition, its causes, symptoms, and ways to manage it effectively.
What is Lactic Acidosis?
Lactic acidosis happens when the body produces more lactic acid than it can remove. Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism (when cells generate energy without enough oxygen). Normally, the liver and kidneys help clear lactic acid from the blood.
However, if these organs aren’t functioning properly or if too much lactic acid is produced, it can accumulate, leading to an imbalance in the body’s pH levels.
This condition can be dangerous if left untreated, as it may cause complications like organ failure. However, with proper awareness and management, it can be controlled.
Consult an Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
Symptoms of Lactic Acidosis
The symptoms of lactic acidosis can develop quickly or gradually, depending on the cause. Common signs include:
• Muscle pain or weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
• Fatigue and dizziness
• Abdominal pain
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Irregular heartbeat
If you experience these symptoms, especially if you have an underlying condition like diabetes or kidney disease, seek medical attention immediately.
Causes of Lactic Acidosis
Several factors can lead to lactic acidosis, including:
1. Medical Conditions
• Diabetes (especially if uncontrolled)
• Kidney or liver disease
• Severe infections (sepsis)
• Heart failure or lung disease
• Cancer
2. Medications
• Certain drugs, such as metformin (used for diabetes), some HIV medications, and excessive alcohol consumption, can increase lactic acid levels.
3. Physical Factors
• Intense exercise (temporary lactic acid buildup)
• Severe dehydration
• Low oxygen levels (due to asthma, high altitude, or carbon monoxide poisoning)
How Lactic Acidosis Affects Health
When lactic acid builds up, it makes the blood more acidic, disrupting normal body functions. This can lead to:
• Organ dysfunction (especially the liver and kidneys)
• Breathing difficulties
• Increased risk of shock in severe cases
Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.
Management and Prevention
1. Medical Treatment
If diagnosed with lactic acidosis, your doctor may:
• Provide IV fluids to help flush out excess acid.
• Administer oxygen therapy if low oxygen is the cause.
• Adjust medications (e.g., changing diabetes or HIV drugs).
• Treat underlying conditions (e.g., infections, kidney disease).
2. Lifestyle Changes
• Stay Hydrated – Drink plenty of water to help the kidneys remove excess acid.
• Avoid Excessive Alcohol – Alcohol can worsen lactic acid buildup.
• Exercise Moderately – While exercise is good, overexertion can spike lactic acid levels.
• Monitor Blood Sugar (if diabetic) – Keeping diabetes under control reduces risk.
3. Dietary Adjustments
• Eat a Balanced Diet – Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Limit Processed Foods – High-sugar and high-fat foods can worsen metabolic issues.
• Stay Away from Fad Diets – Extreme low-carb or high-protein diets may contribute to lactic acid buildup.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience persistent fatigue, muscle pain, or breathing difficulties—especially if you have diabetes, kidney disease, or take medications like metformin—consult a doctor immediately. Early intervention can prevent serious complications.
Final Thoughts
Lactic acidosis is a serious but manageable condition. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and preventive measures, you can take steps to protect your health. If you’re at risk, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help keep lactic acid levels in check.
Consult an Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
Consult an Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. B Rachana
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
8 Years • MBBS, Fellowship in Diabetes, Fellowship in Applied Nutrition,CCEBDM(Diabetes)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr Ahmed Sayeed
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
26 Years • MBBS, M.D (GENERAL MEDICINE), MRCP (UK)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Shrikrishna V Acharya
Endocrinologist
25 Years • MBBS, MD, DM(Endocrinology), MRCP (Endocrinology)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Chaithanya R
Internal Medicine Specialist Diabetologist
16 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine, Fellowship in Diabetes(UK), CCEBDM(PHFI)
Bangalore
Apollo Clinic Bellandur, Bangalore
Consult an Endocrinologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. B Rachana
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
8 Years • MBBS, Fellowship in Diabetes, Fellowship in Applied Nutrition,CCEBDM(Diabetes)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr Ahmed Sayeed
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
26 Years • MBBS, M.D (GENERAL MEDICINE), MRCP (UK)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Shrikrishna V Acharya
Endocrinologist
25 Years • MBBS, MD, DM(Endocrinology), MRCP (Endocrinology)
Bengaluru
Apollo Clinic, JP nagar, Bengaluru
Dr. Anand Ravi
General Physician
2 Years • MBBS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Chaithanya R
Internal Medicine Specialist Diabetologist
16 Years • MBBS, MD Internal Medicine, Fellowship in Diabetes(UK), CCEBDM(PHFI)
Bangalore
Apollo Clinic Bellandur, Bangalore
