Lupus Symptoms, Treatment, and Testing Information
Learn about lupus, its symptoms, causes, and available treatments. Understand the testing methods used for diagnosis and how early management can improve quality of life.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 26th Aug, 2025
Living with a chronic illness can be challenging, especially when it’s as complex as lupus. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with lupus or suspects having it, this guide will help you understand the condition, recognize its symptoms, explore treatment options, and learn about testing.
What is Lupus?
Lupus, also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues. This can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.
Lupus is not contagious, and while there is no cure, early diagnosis and proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Common Symptoms of Lupus
Lupus symptoms vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. Some common signs include:
Fatigue – Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
Joint pain and swelling – Often affecting the hands, wrists, and knees.
Butterfly-shaped rash – A red or purplish rash across the cheeks and nose.
Fever – Low-grade fevers without an obvious cause.
Photosensitivity – Skin rashes or flare-ups after sun exposure.
Hair loss – Thinning hair or bald patches.
Chest pain – Due to inflammation around the lungs or heart.
Kidney problems – Swelling in legs, high blood pressure, or changes in urine.
Mouth or nose ulcers – Painful sores inside the mouth or nose.
Since lupus symptoms mimic other conditions, it can be difficult to diagnose. If you experience these symptoms persistently, consult a doctor.
What Causes Lupus?
The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
Genetics – A family history of lupus increases risk.
Hormones – Women (especially between 15-44) are more likely to develop lupus.
Environmental triggers – Sunlight, infections, stress, or certain medications.
Immune system dysfunction – The body attacks its own cells instead of protecting them.
How is Lupus Diagnosed?
Diagnosing lupus involves a combination of medical history, physical exams, and tests:
1. Blood Tests
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test – Most lupus patients test positive.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) – Checks for anemia or low platelets.
ESR & CRP – Measures inflammation levels.
Kidney & Liver Function Tests – Assess organ health.
2. Urine Tests – Detects kidney problems.
3. Skin or Kidney Biopsy – If lupus affects these organs.
If you suspect lupus, Apollo 24|7 offers convenient lab testing and specialist consultations to help with diagnosis.
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Lupus Treatment & Management
While there’s no cure, treatments focus on controlling symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Your doctor may recommend:
1. Medications
NSAIDs (Ibuprofen) – For pain and inflammation.
Antimalarials (Hydroxychloroquine) – Reduces flares and protects organs.
Corticosteroids (Prednisone) – Controls severe inflammation.
Immunosuppressants – For severe cases affecting kidneys or brain.
2. Lifestyle Changes
Sun Protection – Wear sunscreen (SPF 50+), hats, and long sleeves.
Balanced Diet – Anti-inflammatory foods (fruits, veggies, omega-3s).
Regular Exercise – Gentle activities like walking or yoga.
Stress Management – Meditation, deep breathing, or counseling.
Adequate Rest – Listen to your body and avoid overexertion.
3. Regular Check-ups
Since lupus can affect multiple organs, routine monitoring is essential.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience unexplained fatigue, joint pain, rashes, or other lupus symptoms, consult a rheumatologist. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.
Apollo 24|7 provides expert consultations and lab tests from the comfort of your home. You can book an appointment easily through their app or website.
Final Thoughts
Living with lupus requires patience and self-care. With the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people with lupus lead fulfilling lives. If you suspect lupus, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice, early intervention makes a big difference.
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