STIs That Cause Infertility in Both Genders
Learn about common STIs like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea that can lead to infertility in both men and women if left untreated. Understand how these infections impact reproductive health and the importance of testing and early treatment.
Written by Dr. Siri Nallapu
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 30th Jul, 2025
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common but often overlooked health concerns that can have serious consequences, including infertility in both men and women. Many people are unaware that certain STIs, if left untreated, can lead to long-term reproductive health issues. This article will help you understand which STIs can cause infertility, their symptoms, and how to prevent or manage them effectively.
What Are STIs?
STIs are infections that spread primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some STIs can also be transmitted through blood, sharing needles, or from mother to baby during childbirth. While many STIs are treatable, some can lead to complications like infertility if not addressed early.
Common STIs That Can Cause Infertility
Common STIs that can cause infertility are:
1. Chlamydia
Chlamydia is one of the most common STIs and a leading cause of infertility. It often has no symptoms, making it easy to miss.
How It Affects Fertility:
In Women: Untreated chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to blocked fallopian tubes, ectopic pregnancy, or infertility.
In Men: It can cause epididymitis (inflammation of the testicles), reducing sperm quality and motility.
Symptoms (If Present):
Painful urination
Unusual discharge
Pelvic pain (women)
Testicular pain (men)
2. Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is another bacterial STI that can lead to infertility if untreated.
How It Affects Fertility:
In Women: Like chlamydia, it can cause PID, scarring the reproductive organs.
In Men: It may lead to epididymitis, affecting sperm production.
Symptoms (If Present):
Burning sensation while urinating
Yellow or green discharge
Painful or swollen testicles (men)
Pelvic pain (women)
3. Mycoplasma Genitalium
This lesser-known STI can also contribute to infertility.
How It Affects Fertility:
In Women: Linked to PID and tubal scarring.
In Men: Can cause urethritis, leading to sperm duct blockages.
Symptoms (If Present):
Vaginal or penile discharge
Pain during sex
Burning sensation while urinating
4. Syphilis
Syphilis is a serious bacterial infection that progresses in stages.
How It Affects Fertility:
If untreated, it can cause organ damage, including reproductive organs.
In pregnant women, it can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth.
Symptoms (If Present):
Sores (chancre) in genital area
Rash on palms and soles
Fever, fatigue
5. Trichomoniasis
A parasitic STI that can increase the risk of other infections.
How It Affects Fertility:
In Women: Can cause PID and increase susceptibility to HIV.
In Men: May lead to prostate inflammation, affecting fertility.
Symptoms (If Present):
Itching or irritation in genitals
Frothy, foulsmelling discharge
Discomfort during urination
How to Protect Yourself from STI-Related Infertility?
Ways to protect yourself from STI-related Infertility:
1. Get Tested Regularly
Many STIs show no symptoms, so regular screening is crucial, especially if you are sexually active with multiple partners.
2. Practice Safe Sex
Use condoms consistently and correctly.
Limit sexual partners to reduce risk.
3. Seek Early Treatment
If you suspect an STI, get tested and treated immediately to prevent complications.
4. Vaccination
Some STIs, like HPV (which can also affect fertility), can be prevented with vaccines.
5. Open Communication
Discuss sexual health with your partner and encourage mutual testing.
Consult Top Specialists
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
Unusual discharge
Pain during sex or urination
Sores or rashes in the genital area
Pelvic or testicular pain
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term damage.
Final Thoughts
STIs are preventable and treatable, but ignoring them can lead to serious consequences like infertility. Regular testing, safe sex practices, and prompt medical care can protect your reproductive health.
If you have concerns about STIs or fertility, consider booking a consultation with a specialist through Apollo 24|7 for confidential testing and expert advice. Your health matters—take proactive steps today!
Would you like to schedule a test or speak to a doctor? Visit Apollo 24|7 for easy online appointments. Stay informed, stay safe!
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