Echocardiogram Overview and Procedure Details
Know all about echocardiogram, what it is, why you would need it, types, procedure, risk, result interpretation and tips for a healthy heart.
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Last updated on 2nd Sep, 2025
Introduction
If your doctor has recommended an echocardiogram, you might have questions about what it is, why it’s needed, and what to expect. Don’t worry—this guide will explain everything in simple terms so you can feel confident and prepared.
What is an Echocardiogram?
An echocardiogram (often called an "echo") is a painless and non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of your heart. It helps doctors check how well your heart is working, including its structure, size, and blood flow.
Think of it like an ultrasound for your heart. It allows doctors to see real-time images of your heart beating and pumping blood.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Why Would You Need an Echocardiogram?
Your doctor may recommend an echocardiogram if you have symptoms like:
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
• Swelling in legs (fluid buildup)
• Fatigue or dizziness
It can also help diagnose or monitor conditions such as:
• Heart valve problems
• Heart failure
• Congenital heart defects (from birth)
• Blood clots or tumours in the heart
• Previous heart attack damage
Types of Echocardiograms
There are different types of echocardiograms, depending on what your doctor needs to examine:
1. Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) – The most common type, where a probe is placed on your chest.
2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) – A small probe is passed down your throat for clearer images (used in specific cases).
3. Stress Echocardiogram – Done before and after exercise to check heart function under stress.
4. Doppler Echocardiogram – Measures blood flow speed and direction.
What Happens During the Test?
The procedure is painless and safe, with no radiation involved. Here’s what to expect:
Before the Test
• You can eat and drink normally (unless told otherwise for a TEE).
• Wear comfortable clothing (you may need to change into a gown).
• Avoid applying lotions or oils on your chest.
During the Test
1. You’ll lie on a table, usually on your left side.
2. A technician applies gel to your chest and moves a handheld device (transducer) over it.
3. The device sends sound waves that create moving images of your heart on a screen.
4. You may hear a "whooshing" sound—this is normal (it’s your blood flow).
5. The test takes 30-60 minutes, depending on the type.
After the Test
• You can resume normal activities immediately.
• The gel is wiped off, and you can dress normally.
• A cardiologist will review the images and share results with your doctor.
Are There Any Risks?
An echocardiogram is very safe with no known risks. Unlike X-rays, it doesn’t use radiation.
For a TEE, you may have a sore throat for a short time due to the probe.
How to Prepare for an Echocardiogram?
Most echocardiograms require no special preparation, but:
• For a TEE, you may need to fast for a few hours before.
• If you’re having a stress echo, wear comfortable shoes for exercise.
• Inform your doctor if you have lung or rib injuries that may affect the test.
What Do the Results Mean?
Your doctor will explain the findings, which may include:
• Heart size and shape (enlargement or defects)
• Pumping efficiency (how well blood is being circulated)
• Valve function (leaky or stiff valves)
• Blood flow issues (blockages or clots)
If any problems are found, your doctor will discuss the next steps, which could include medication, lifestyle changes, or further tests.
Tips for a Healthy Heart
While an echocardiogram helps diagnose heart issues, you can take steps to keep your heart strong:
• Eat a balanced diet (fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean proteins).
• Exercise regularly (30 minutes of walking daily helps).
• Control blood pressure and cholesterol.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
• Manage stress (yoga, meditation, deep breathing).
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
• Severe chest pain
• Fainting spells
• Extreme shortness of breath
• Sudden swelling in the legs
•
Seek medical help immediately.
Final Thoughts
An echocardiogram is a simple, painless, and highly useful test to check your heart’s health. There’s nothing to fear, just follow your doctor’s advice and take steps to keep your heart in good shape.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr Bhumika Lalwani
General Surgeon
4 Years • MBBS MS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bulbul Biswas
General Practitioner
35 Years • MBBS, Diploma in Maternity and child welfare
Kolkata
HERSTEL CARE CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Kaushik Chakraborty
General Practitioner
23 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
Dr Kaushik Chakraborty, Kolkata
Dr. Naresh
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Chittoor
Dr. Naresh Clinic, Chittoor
Dr S Lakshmi Narasimha Reddy
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Kondapur
Singam's Kids Clinic, Kondapur
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Dr Bhumika Lalwani
General Surgeon
4 Years • MBBS MS
Bengaluru
PRESTIGE SHANTHINIKETAN - SOCIETY CLINIC, Bengaluru
Dr. Bulbul Biswas
General Practitioner
35 Years • MBBS, Diploma in Maternity and child welfare
Kolkata
HERSTEL CARE CLINIC, Kolkata
Dr. Kaushik Chakraborty
General Practitioner
23 Years • MBBS
Kolkata
Dr Kaushik Chakraborty, Kolkata
Dr. Naresh
General Practitioner
5 Years • MBBS
Chittoor
Dr. Naresh Clinic, Chittoor
Dr S Lakshmi Narasimha Reddy
General Practitioner
9 Years • MBBS
Kondapur
Singam's Kids Clinic, Kondapur
