Kidney Biopsy Procedure and Its Purpose
A kidney biopsy is a safe procedure used to diagnose and manage kidney diseases. Learn why it’s done, how it’s performed, preparation steps, recovery tips, possible risks, and when to seek medical help.
Written by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula
Reviewed by Dr. Vasanthasree Nair MBBS
Last updated on 22nd Aug, 2025
If your doctor has recommended a kidney biopsy, you might be feeling nervous or unsure about what to expect. Don’t worry—this guide will help you understand the procedure, why it’s done, and how to prepare for it in a simple and friendly way.
What Is a Kidney Biopsy?
A kidney biopsy is a medical test where a small piece of kidney tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. This helps doctors diagnose kidney diseases, determine the severity of the condition, and plan the best treatment.
Why Is a Kidney Biopsy Done?
Your doctor may suggest a kidney biopsy if:
- You have abnormal protein or blood in your urine.
- Your kidney function is declining without a clear cause.
- You have suspected kidney disease (like glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome).
- A kidney transplant is not working properly.
- There are unexplained kidney abnormalities seen in imaging tests (like ultrasound or CT scan).
The biopsy helps doctors understand what’s happening inside your kidneys so they can provide the right treatment.
How Is a Kidney Biopsy Performed?
There are two main types of kidney biopsies:
1. Percutaneous (Needle) Biopsy (Most Common)
- You’ll lie on your stomach or side.
- The doctor uses an ultrasound or a CT scan to locate the kidney.
- A local anaesthetic numbs the area.
- A thin needle is inserted through your back to take a small tissue sample.
- The procedure usually takes 20-30 minutes.
2. Open Biopsy (Less Common)
- Done under general anaesthesia (you’ll be asleep).
- A small surgical cut is made to remove kidney tissue.
- Usually done if a needle biopsy isn’t possible.
Does a Kidney Biopsy Hurt?
You may feel slight pressure or a quick pinch when the needle goes in, but the area will be numbed to minimise pain. After the biopsy, you might have mild soreness, but it usually goes away in a day or two.
How to Prepare for a Kidney Biopsy?
To ensure a safe procedure, follow these steps:
- Blood tests – To check clotting ability.
- Stop certain medications, like blood thinners (aspirin, warfarin), a few days before.
- Fasting – You may need to avoid food for a few hours before the biopsy.
- Arrange a ride home – You shouldn’t drive afterwards.
What Happens After the Biopsy?
- You’ll rest in the hospital for 4-6 hours for observation.
- Your blood pressure and urine will be checked for bleeding.
- Avoid strenuous activity for 1-2 weeks.
- Drink plenty of water to help flush out any blood in the urine.
Consult Top Nephrologist
Possible Risks and Complications
Kidney biopsies are generally safe, but some rare risks include:
- Bleeding (most common, usually minor).
- Pain near the biopsy site.
- Infection (rare, but contact your doctor if you have fever or worsening pain).
- Accidental injury to nearby organs (very rare).
If you notice heavy bleeding, dizziness, or severe pain after the biopsy, seek medical help immediately.
When Will You Get the Results?
The biopsy sample is sent to a lab, and results usually take 3-7 days. Your doctor will discuss the findings and next steps, which may include:
- Starting medications (like steroids or immunosuppressants).
- Adjusting diet or lifestyle (low-salt, low-protein diet).
- Further tests or follow-ups.
Tips for a Smooth Recovery
- Rest for at least 24 hours after the biopsy.
- Avoid heavy lifting or intense exercise for 1-2 weeks.
- Drink plenty of fluids to help your kidneys recover.
- Take prescribed painkillers if needed (avoid aspirin).
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience:
- Severe pain that doesn’t improve.
- Blood in urine lasting more than 24 hours.
- Fever or chills (sign of infection).
- Dizziness or weakness (possible bleeding).
Final Thoughts
A kidney biopsy might sound scary, but it’s a crucial step in diagnosing and treating kidney problems. With proper preparation and care, the procedure is safe and helps your doctor provide the best treatment plan for you.
If your doctor has recommended a kidney biopsy and you have concerns, don’t hesitate to ask questions. At Apollo 24|7, you can consult a nephrologist (kidney specialist) or schedule a biopsy with expert guidance.
Consult Top Nephrologist
Consult Top Nephrologist
Dr. Manju Kamal
Nephrologist
12 Years • MBBS,MD(General Medicine), DNB,DM(Nephrology)
Angamaly
Apollo Hospitals Karukutty, Angamaly
Dr. Jignesh Pandya
Nephrologist
27 Years • MD(Medicine), DNB(Nephrology).
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Aswini Kumar Panigrahi
Nephrologist
23 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), DNB Nephro
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(200+ Patients)
Dr. Pardha Saradhi
Nephrologist
9 Years • MBBS, MD-DNB (Gen. Med.), DNB (Nephro)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals D R D O kanchanbagh, Hyderabad
(50+ Patients)
Dr Ch Sashidhar
Nephrologist
20 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DNB, Nephrology
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
Consult Top Nephrologist
Dr. Manju Kamal
Nephrologist
12 Years • MBBS,MD(General Medicine), DNB,DM(Nephrology)
Angamaly
Apollo Hospitals Karukutty, Angamaly
Dr. Jignesh Pandya
Nephrologist
27 Years • MD(Medicine), DNB(Nephrology).
Bilaspur
Apollo Hospitals Seepat Road, Bilaspur
(25+ Patients)
Dr. Aswini Kumar Panigrahi
Nephrologist
23 Years • MBBS, MD (Int. Med.), DNB Nephro
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
(200+ Patients)
Dr. Pardha Saradhi
Nephrologist
9 Years • MBBS, MD-DNB (Gen. Med.), DNB (Nephro)
Hyderabad
Apollo Hospitals D R D O kanchanbagh, Hyderabad
(50+ Patients)
Dr Ch Sashidhar
Nephrologist
20 Years • MBBS, MD General Medicine, DNB, Nephrology
Secunderabad
Apollo Hospitals Secunderabad, Secunderabad
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