Understanding Obesity Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for obesity, along with tips for prevention and weight management to improve overall health.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 2nd Sep, 2025
Introduction
Obesity is a common but serious health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when a person carries excess body fat, which can lead to various health problems. While many think of obesity as just a weight issue, it is actually a complex medical condition influenced by multiple factors.
In this article, we’ll break down the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for obesity in simple terms. Our goal is to help you understand this condition better and provide practical tips for managing it.
What is Obesity?
Obesity is defined as having an excessive amount of body fat that increases the risk of other health problems. Doctors often use the Body Mass Index (BMI) to determine if a person is obese.
BMI 25-29.9 – Overweight
BMI 30 or higher – Obese
However, BMI isn’t the only factor; body fat distribution (like belly fat) also plays a role in health risks.
Consult a Bariatrician for the best advice
Common Causes of Obesity
Obesity doesn’t happen overnight. It develops over time due to a mix of factors:
1. Unhealthy Eating Habits
Eating too many high-calorie, processed foods.
Frequent consumption of sugary drinks and fast food.
Large portion sizes and frequent snacking.
2. Lack of Physical Activity
Sedentary lifestyle (sitting for long hours, little exercise).
Less movement due to desk jobs, driving instead of walking, etc.
3. Genetics
Family history can influence how your body stores fat.
Some people may have a slower metabolism, making weight loss harder.
4. Medical Conditions & Medications
Hormonal disorders like hypothyroidism or PCOS.
Certain medications (steroids, antidepressants) can cause weight gain.
5. Psychological Factors
Stress, anxiety, or depression can lead to emotional eating.
Poor sleep can disrupt hunger hormones, increasing cravings.
Symptoms and Health Risks of Obesity
Obesity doesn’t just affect appearance; it impacts overall health. Some common signs and complications include:
Physical Symptoms:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Excessive sweating.
Joint and back pain due to extra weight.
Fatigue and low energy levels.
Health Risks:
Type 2 Diabetes – Excess fat affects insulin function.
Heart Disease – High cholesterol and blood pressure strain the heart.
Sleep Apnea – Breathing problems during sleep.
Joint Problems – Extra weight puts pressure on knees and hips.
Mental Health Issues – Low self-esteem, depression, or anxiety.
How is Obesity Diagnosed?
Doctors use a combination of methods to diagnose obesity:
1. BMI Calculation – Weight and height measurement.
2. Waist Circumference – Excess belly fat increases health risks.
3. Blood Tests – Check for diabetes, cholesterol, or thyroid issues.
If you’re concerned about your weight, consulting a doctor can help determine the best approach.
Treatment and Management of Obesity
The good news? Obesity can be managed with the right lifestyle changes and medical support.
1. Healthy Eating Habits
Focus on whole foods (fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains).
Reduce sugary drinks, fried foods, and processed snacks.
Practice portion control; eat smaller, balanced meals.
2. Regular Exercise
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week (walking, swimming, cycling).
Strength training helps build muscle and boost metabolism.
Stay active throughout the day; take short walks, use stairs instead of elevators.
3. Behavioural Changes
Keep a food diary to track eating habits.
Manage stress with yoga, meditation, or hobbies.
Get 7-9 hours of quality sleep to regulate hunger hormones.
4. Medical Treatments
Weight-loss medications (prescribed by a doctor).
Bariatric surgery (for severe obesity cases, after medical evaluation).
5. Support Systems
Join a weight-loss support group for motivation.
Work with a nutritionist or fitness trainer for a personalized plan.
When to See a Doctor?
If you’re struggling with weight management or experiencing obesity-related health issues, it’s best to seek medical advice. A doctor can help create a personalized treatment plan based on your needs.
Final Thoughts
Obesity is a manageable condition with the right approach. Small, consistent changes in diet, exercise, and lifestyle can make a big difference. Remember, weight loss is a journey; be patient with yourself and seek support when needed.
By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps, you can improve your health and reduce the risks associated with obesity. Stay positive, stay active, and take it one step at a time!
Consult a Bariatrician for the best advice
Consult a Bariatrician for the best advice
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