Thyroid Disorders Overview in India
Thyroid disorders affect millions in India, often due to iodine deficiency and lifestyle factors. Learn about types, symptoms, diagnosis, and how to manage thyroid conditions effectively.
Written by Dr. J T Hema Pratima
Reviewed by Dr. D Bhanu Prakash MBBS, AFIH, Advanced certificate in critical care medicine, Fellowship in critical care medicine
Last updated on 22nd Jul, 2025
Introduction
Thyroid disorders are common in India, affecting millions of people. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that plays a big role in your overall health by producing hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature. When the thyroid doesn’t work properly, it can lead to various health problems.
In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about thyroid disorders, types, symptoms, causes, and how to manage them effectively.
What Are Thyroid Disorders?
Thyroid disorders occur when the gland produces too much or too little thyroid hormone. The two main types are:
1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): The thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, slowing down bodily functions.
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): The thyroid produces too much hormone, speeding up metabolism.
Other conditions include goitre (enlarged thyroid), thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid), and thyroid cancer.
Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Here are some of the common symptoms of thyroid:
Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
Fatigue and weakness
Weight gain
Feeling cold often
Dry skin and hair
Constipation
Depression
Slow heart rate
Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
Weight loss despite eating normally
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Anxiety and irritability
Excessive sweating
Tremors in hands
Trouble sleeping
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s best to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Get Your Symptoms Checked By An Endocrinologist
Why Are Thyroid Disorders Common in India?
Several factors contribute to the high prevalence of thyroid disorders in India:
1. Iodine Deficiency: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Many Indians don’t get enough iodine in their diet, leading to thyroid problems.
2. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (causing hypothyroidism) and Graves’ disease (causing hyperthyroidism) are common.
3. Genetic Factors: A family history of thyroid disorders increases risk.
4. Stress & Lifestyle: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and chronic stress can impact thyroid function.
5. Environmental Factors: Exposure to pollutants and radiation may contribute.
How Are Thyroid Disorders Diagnosed?
Doctors use simple blood tests to check thyroid function:
TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) Test: The most common test to detect imbalances.
T3 & T4 Tests: Measure hormone levels directly.
Antibody Tests: Help diagnose autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Ultrasound or Scan: If nodules or swelling are present.
If you suspect a thyroid issue, you can easily book a thyroid test through Apollo 24|7 for quick and accurate results.
Managing Thyroid Disorders: Tips for a Healthier Life
While thyroid disorders are often lifelong conditions, they can be managed effectively with medication and lifestyle changes.
1. Take Your Medication Regularly
Hypothyroidism is usually treated with levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone.
Hyperthyroidism may require anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
Never skip doses, and follow your doctor’s advice.
2. Eat a Thyroid-Friendly Diet
For Hypothyroidism:
Include iodine-rich foods like seafood, dairy, and iodised salt.
Eat selenium-rich foods (Brazil nuts, eggs, fish) and zinc-rich foods (nuts, seeds, legumes).
Avoid excessive soy and cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower) in large amounts, as they may interfere with thyroid function.
For Hyperthyroidism:
Limit iodine-rich foods if advised by your doctor.
Eat calcium and vitamin D-rich foods (milk, leafy greens) to support bone health.
3. Exercise Regularly
Moderate exercise helps boost metabolism and energy levels.
Yoga and meditation can reduce stress, which is beneficial for thyroid health.
4. Monitor Your Symptoms
Keep track of energy levels, weight changes, and mood swings.
Regular follow-ups with your doctor ensure proper hormone balance.
5. Avoid Smoking & Limit Alcohol
Smoking worsens thyroid disorders, especially Graves’ disease.
Excessive alcohol can interfere with thyroid medication.
When to See a Doctor?
If you experience persistent symptoms like unexplained weight changes, fatigue, or mood swings, consult a doctor. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications like heart disease, infertility, or mental health issues.
You can book a consultation with an endocrinologist on Apollo 24|7 for expert advice and personalized treatment.
Conclusion
Thyroid disorders are manageable with the right care. By staying informed, taking prescribed medications, and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can live a full and active life despite a thyroid condition.
Get Your Symptoms Checked By An Endocrinologist
Get Your Symptoms Checked By An Endocrinologist
Dr. Nithin Reddy Modhugu
Endocrinologist
6 Years • MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DNB (Endocrinology)
Hyderabad
Dr. Nithin's Endocrine Clinic, Hyderabad
(100+ Patients)
Dr. Gayatri S
Endocrinologist
4 Years • Suggested Qualifictaion- MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine), DM (ENDOCRINOLOGY)
Nellore
Narayana hospital, Nellore
Dr. Arunava Ghosh
General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
9 Years • MBBS,MD(GENL.MED.),DM(ENDOCRINOLOGY)
Kolkata
VDC Clinic, Kolkata
Dr. Venkata Rakesh Chintala
Endocrinologist
8 Years • MBBS,MD( GEN MEDICINE), DM ( ENDOCRINOLOGY)
Krishna district
Sanjeevani Hospital, Krishna district
Dr. Shiva Madan
Endocrinologist
10 Years • MBBS , MD (General medicine) , DM (Endocrinology)
Bikaner
Sushma diabetes and Endocrine center, Bikaner
