Tuberculosis: Overview and Virus Details
Get a comprehensive overview of tuberculosis, including its causes, symptoms, and transmission. Learn important details about the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and how it affects the body.
Tuberculosis: Overview and Virus Details
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious but treatable bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, though it can also impact other parts of the body. While TB can be life-threatening if left untreated, early diagnosis and proper medical care can lead to a full recovery.
In this article, we’ll discuss what TB is, its symptoms, causes, and how it affects health. We’ll also share tips for managing the condition and when to seek medical help.
What Is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria. While TB mainly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), it can also infect the kidneys, spine, brain, and other organs (extrapulmonary TB).
Symptoms of Tuberculosis
TB symptoms can vary depending on whether the infection is active or latent (dormant).
1. Active TB Symptoms
- Persistent cough lasting three weeks or more (sometimes with blood)
- Chest pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Unintentional weight loss
- Loss of appetite
2. Latent TB
Some people carry the TB bacteria without showing symptoms—this is called latent TB. They aren’t contagious but may develop active TB later if their immune system weakens.
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How Does TB Spread?
TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. However, not everyone exposed to TB bacteria gets sick. Factors that increase the risk include:
- Weakened immunity (due to HIV, diabetes, or malnutrition)
- Close contact with an infected person
- Living in crowded or poorly ventilated areas
- Smoking or excessive alcohol use
How TB Affects Health?
If untreated, TB can cause severe complications, including:
- Lung damage (leading to breathing difficulties)
- Spread to other organs (brain, kidneys, spine)
- Drug-resistant TB (when treatment is incomplete)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Let us have a look at some of the diagnosis and treatment measures:
Diagnosis
- Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) or Blood Test (IGRA): Checks for TB exposure.
- Chest X-ray: Detects lung abnormalities.
- Sputum Test: Examines mucus for TB bacteria.
Treatment
TB is treated with a combination of antibiotics taken for 6–9 months. It’s crucial to complete the full course to prevent drug resistance.
For latent TB, doctors may prescribe preventive medication to stop it from becoming active.
Tips for Managing TB
1. Take Medications as Prescribed: Skipping doses can lead to drug-resistant TB.
2. Maintain Good Hygiene: Cover your mouth when coughing and dispose of tissues properly.
3. Eat a Nutritious Diet: A strong immune system helps fight infection.
4. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: These weaken immunity and slow recovery.
5. Stay in Well-Ventilated Spaces: Reduces the risk of spreading TB.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if you:
- Have a prolonged cough (more than 3 weeks)
- Experience unexplained weight loss
- Have night sweats or fever
- Have been in close contact with a TB patient
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to recovery.
How Apollo24|7 Can Help?
If you suspect TB or need testing, Apollo24|7 offers:
- Expert consultations with pulmonologists
- Diagnostic tests (blood tests, X-rays, sputum analysis)
- Home sample collection for convenience
You can book a consultation or schedule a test through the Apollo24|7 app or website for timely care.
Conclusion
Tuberculosis is a serious but manageable disease. With proper treatment and care, most people recover fully. If you or someone you know shows symptoms, seek medical advice promptly. Awareness, early detection, and adherence to treatment are the best ways to fight TB.
Get Your Symptoms Checked By Top Specialists
Get Your Symptoms Checked By Top Specialists
Dr Syed Mateen Pasha
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General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
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General Physician/ Internal Medicine Specialist
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