CD103 (Hairy Cell Marker)

Leukaemia is a type of cancer that attacks the blood-forming tissues, thus diminishing the body's ability to fight off infection. It negatively impacts the white blood cells and generally starts from the lymphatic system and the bone marrow. Several different types of leukaemia exist. One of them is hairy cell leukaemia (HCL).

Hairy cell leukaemia is a scarce type of bone marrow and blood cancer. It severely affects the B lymphocytes, the white blood cells that create antibodies to fight against infections. HCL causes an abnormal abundance of faulty B lymphocytes that don't function normally.

Since the abnormal B lymphocytes increase in number, it takes away the space from the healthy lymphocytes, leading to weak immunity and leaving you prone to infections.

Additionally, the abnormal growth of B lymphocytes can also cause the decreased production of platelets and red blood cells. Some rare cases of HCL also impact the T lymphocytes whose main function is to aid the B lymphocytes fight off infections.

Exact causes of HCL are not yet known. However, there are some common symptoms that you can look out for:

• Extreme weakness
• Constant feeling of fatigue
• Breathlessness
• Unintentional weight loss
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Extreme sweating (especially at night)
• Tiny red spots on the skin
• Frequent fevers and infections
• Easy bleeding and bruising
• Enlarged spleen and liver
• Pain in bone, especially under the ribs

Although, keep in mind that you may not notice any symptoms in the initial stages of HCL.

If you notice the progression of any of these symptoms, especially if you suffer from persistent cough and fever, infection and unwarranted bleeding, then it's time to call your healthcare provider.

CD103 (Hairy Cell Marker) test may come in extremely handy when there is a low count of white blood cells. Your doctors may conclude the HCL diagnosis based on the following tests:

• A detailed CT scan to check whether you have an enlarged spleen or liver
• A blood count test to measure your red and white blood cells along with platelets
• A peripheral blood smear to check for hairy cells
• Biopsy of your bone marrow

Immunophenotyping - A blood or bone marrow sample to identify particular markers or protein patterns
If your doctor orders a CD103 (Hairy Cell Marker) test, you can conveniently book one through Apollo 24|7’s website.

This test will help:

• Determine if you have hairy cells
• Recognize if there is an integrin subunit or the CD103 antigen on the cell surface, which indicates B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder
• Proceed with proper treatment after the diagnosis