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CD20 (Pan B Cell Marker)

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  • CD20 (Pan B Cell Marker)

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About

blood sample
Sample

BLOOD

Gender
Gender

Both

users
Age group

7 years & above

Lymphomas are malignancies of the lymphocytes, a kind of white blood cell. B-lymphocytes (B-cells) and T-lymphocytes (T-cells) are the two basic types of lymphocytes. Both kinds of lymphocytes aid in the defence of our bodies against infections.

B-cells and T-cells serve diverse purposes, and the tumours of each type of B-cell behave differently from the tumours of the other types of B-cells. Even with these distinctions, distinguishing the two below a microscope can be challenging. It is similar to a pair of twins who act and react differently to people on the inside but look similar on the outside.

CD20 is essentially a B-cell protein. Patients with some forms of leukaemia or B-cell lymphomas may have higher-than-normal levels of CD20. Employing a CD20 test to measure the quantity of CD20 on blood cells can aid in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. CD20 test is also referred to as a tumour marker.

To elucidate, CD20, also known as B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, is an active glycosylated phosphoprotein that is present on the surface of all B-cells starting in the pro-B phase (CD117+, CD45R+) and gradually increases in proportion until maturity.

The MS4A1 gene encodes CD20 in humans. This gene encodes the membrane-spanning 4A gene series. Members of this emerging protein family have structural similarities, exon/intron splice frontiers, and distinct expression patterns in haematological cells and non-lymphoid organs.

Furthermore, this gene codes for a B-lymphocyte surface component involved in B-cell growth and transformation into plasma cells. This family member is among a group of relatives who are located on 11q12. This gene's alternative splicing produces two transcript variants, each of which encodes the same protein.

A CD20 test is instrumental in the detection of D20 deficiency in people with humoral immunodeficiency. The CD20 flow cytometry assay should always be carried out at the time suggested by the doctor. Both CD19 and CD20 markers are used to confirm the complete paucity of B-cells in presumed primary humoral immunodeficiencies.

At Apollo 24|7, you can purchase the CD20 Test to check for CD20 levels in the body. The most common applications of the CD20 flow cytometry assay are as follows:  

  • CD20 deficiency is assessed in patients with a probable CD20 deficiency or humoral immunodeficiency 
  • Using both CD19 and CD20 tests aids in confirming the total absence of B-cells in putative primary humoral immunodeficiencies 
  • Quantifying therapeutic B-cell depletion in any clinical setting, encompassing cancer, autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, membranous glomerulonephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others 
  • Treatment or mitigation of acute humoral rejection in positive crossmatch kidney transplant recipients

The CD20 test is inadequate for determining whether B-cells exhibit the target molecule (CD20) in the context of commencing therapeutic monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody treatment (Ofatumumab, Tositumomab, and Rituximab) for any of the haematological malignancies, or in other clinical situations. 
 

faqFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Frequently asked questions

CD20, or Cluster of Differentiate 20, is a protein that is generated on the surface of B-cells from the pre-B cell stage through fully developed B-cells in the periphery and bone marrow. Pro-B cells, normal plasma cells, and hematopoietic stem cells do not express CD20.
For patients on Rituximab or other monoclonal anti-CD20 medication, the CD20 flow cytometry assay quantifies therapeutic B-cell depletion. Patients with various forms of B-cell lymphoma, leukaemia, and immunological diseases are treated with anti-CD20 treatments.
CD20-positive B cells generate cytokines, control other types of cells, and present antigens in addition to producing autoantibodies. As a result, they could be used as therapeutic targets.
The CD marker most commonly associated with leukaemia is CD38. It is a CLL diagnostic marker that critically stimulates intracellular signalling pathways in response to the activation of malignant B-cell receptors.
CD20 is obtained late in B-cell lymphomagenesis and then lost when plasma cells are differentiated, whereas CD19 expression spans the entire gamut of early B-cell origin and development. CD20 tests and medicines have been a standard part of the treatment arsenal for B-cell lymphomas.
CD20-negative B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an uncommon type of lymphoma that accounts for 2% to 4% of all B-cell lymphomas. Extranodal involvement, poor prognosis, unusual morphology, aggressive clinical conduct, and intolerance to standard chemotherapy are all common features of CD20-negative NHL.

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The information mentioned above is meant for educational purposes only and should not be taken as a substitute to your Physician’s advice. It is highly recommended that the customer consults with a qualified healthcare professional to interpret test results