CD14 (Monocytic Cell Marker)

The CD14 Monocytic Cell Marker test is a type of blood test used to measure the levels of CD14, a protein found on the surface of white blood cells called monocytes. Monocytes are a type of immune cell that play a crucial role in the body's defense against infection and disease.

The CD14 test is used to help diagnose and monitor certain medical conditions, including:

• bacterial infections, 
• sepsis, and 
• certain autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis

CD14 Monocytic Cell Marker test is also used in research studies to better understand the role of monocytes in various disease processes. A doctor may recommend this test to investigate cell patterns found during microscopy of the blood, lymph nodes, or other tissues. The lab can perform the test via two methods:

• Flow cytometry: The process involves using a laser to check suspended visible cells' size, complexity, and physical properties. These cells are usually labelled with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. The process is rapid, with an estimated one to two thousand cells analysed every second.
• Immunohistochemistry: The alternate method utilizes the phenotyping method to obtain tissue biopsies.

It is a process in which the labelled cell surface antigens, along with their cellular morphology, can be directly seen under light microscopy.

Apollo 24|7 offers a comprehensive CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test to help in the detection of monocytes, namely lipopolysaccharide, to help confirm the presence of gram-negative bacteria. Some of the symptoms that accompany a gram-negative bacteria infection are:

• Confusion
• High fever, sweats, or chills
• Lack of interest in eating or drinking
• Nausea
• Seizures
• Sensitivity to light
• Severe headache
• Sleepiness

Usually, doctors may suggest the CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test for multiple other reasons as well. Some of them are:

• They can use it to detect residual disease in patients with no clinical evidence of the same. 
• The doctors may request this test to help guide therapy for the corresponding condition.

It is vital to consult a health practitioner if the symptoms exist for more than a few days. Using CD14 as markers, the doctor can then confirm the diagnosis and devise a treatment plan for gram-negative bacteria.
 

Frequently asked questions

What are cell marker tests?

Cell marker tests help identify and classify cells. Usually, these are molecules or antigens present in the corresponding cell membrane. They also have functional roles since these cells may help diagnose diseases efficiently and devise a treatment plan.

What test is used to detect the presence of CD14 in the body?

The CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test is a diagnostic test to detect CD14 in the body. These cell clusters have known to detect lipopolysaccharide, a molecule present in gram-negative bacteria. Detection of these cells can help with the early diagnosis.

What complications are associated with the CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test?

The CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test can be performed using the phenotyping method or using a laser to differentiate and identify cells. Both of these methods are performed in a controlled environment. Due to this, the procedures have minimal to no risks.

Where can you find CD14 cells in the body?

Usually, CD14 cells are expressed in monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes. Monocytes are white blood cells that assist in finding and eliminating infectious cells, while macrophages are responsible for eliminating microbes and removing dead cells. Granulocytes help the body fight infections.

How long does it take for CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test results?

The duration of the CD14 (monocytic cell marker) test results varies according to the lab where you have taken the test. However, most labs would provide you with the reports within 72 hours of taking the test.

What happens if gram-negative bacteria attack the body?

The consequences of gram-negative bacteria can vary, leading to issues like pneumonia, bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, and meningitis. These bacteria are also resistant to antibiotics. Hence, the doctor can devise an appropriate treatment plan if they are detected early.