CD22 (Pan B Cell Marker)

Leukemia and lymphoma are blood cancer variants that impact the white blood cells and the immune system of the body. While lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, leukemia affects the bone marrow and blood in the body.

Some cancer variants cause alteration in the B-cell mechanism of the body. This leads to overproduction of the B lymphocytes, which are responsible for the body's ability to fight infections. In a normal lymphatic system, healthy b-cells die to make room for new cells.

However, due to the B-cell dysfunction, the body starts producing too many lymphocytes replacing the healthy B-cells. The excess lymphocytes turn cancerous, giving rise to different neoplastic diseases in the body.

B-cell lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia are cancerous cell production in the human body due to the malfunctioning of B-lymphocytes. In order to detect the growth of cancerous cells, Pan-B cell marker CD22 is utilized by experts.

Essentially, B lymphocytes convert into mature B-cells to transform as pan-B lymphocyte antigens for strengthening the immune system. Due to the failure to undergo complete B cell development, a huge number of B-cell lymphocytes exist in the human body. This translates into the lower expression of  Pan-B cell marker CD22.

There is no clear evidence that can state the reason behind the occurrence of abnormal B-cells causing cancers. However, the researchers present a few likely possibilities, including:

• Genetic abnormalities
• Environmental factors like prolonged exposure to stress
• Connective-tissue disorders
• Viral infections

Upon observing the symptoms exhibited by the patient, the medical profession recommends the Cd22 (Pan B Cell Marker) test to assist with further treatment. The symptoms include:

• Night sweats
• Sudden weight loss during the past six months
• Swelling in lymph nodes
• Weakness and persistent fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Itchy skin with rashes and lumps
• Chronic cough or chest pain
• Persistent bloating sensation caused by enlarged spleen
• Chronic fever
• Loss of Appetite
• Frequent infections
• Quick bleeding and bruises

The CD22 blood test involves the extraction of the white cell lymphocytes from other blood components. After this, the pan-B lymphocyte antigen binding process is conducted to differentiate the mature B-cells from the abnormal B-cell lymphocytes.

In order to collect the blood sample for Cd22 (Pan B Cell Marker) test, the lab technician performs venipuncture. A clean surgical needle is inserted at the site of collection, usually the arm or back of the hand. After this, the sample is safely stored in an airtight vial to be sent to a testing laboratory.

Usually, there are no side effects with the collection process. However, there might be rare occurrences that require immediate doctor consultation, including:

• Prolonged soreness at the site of collection
• Excessive swelling and redness
• Infection in the area of needle insertion
• Blocked or swollen artery
• Skin irritation, if a bandage is applied
• Pain lasting beyond 2-3 days in the needle insertion body part

Apollo 24|7 provides a reputable network of more than 100 laboratories across the country for the CD22 blood test. It offers convenient diagnostic solutions as per the recommendation of a medical expert. 
 

Frequently asked questions

What is the Pan-B cell marker CD22?

CD22 B-cell marker is an expression of the mature B-cells in the immune system. The white cell lymphocytes development process includes assembly, CD22 expression, and final signaling of B-cell antigen receptors. The presence of the marker in the B-cells indicates the proper functioning of the immune system.

What does ‘hairy’ mean in Hairy cell leukemia?

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a slow-growing cancer of the blood that starts in the bone marrow. It initiates changes in the functioning of B-cell lymphocytes causing tiny striations on each cell. These changes appear like hair strands that give cancer its name.

Are the symptoms of B-cell lymphoma common to other non-Hodgkins cancer types?

Since it is one of the most common non-Hodgkins cancer, the symptoms are similar and include:  Uncomfortable night sweats Chronic fever Weight loss Swelling and pain in the abdomen Severe itching Breathing difficulty Persistent fatigue Repeated infections Enlargement of lymph nodes

Who is at a higher risk of getting B-lymphocyte cancer?

Even though the experts do not have precise reasons, a few factors can increase the likelihood of developing b-cell cancer, such as: Age above 60 years Treatment involving immunosuppressants  Organ transplant and autoimmune disease treatment Previous infection with Epstein-Barr virus or HIV Medical history

What is B-cell abnormality?

B-cell disorders involve mutations that induce uncontrollable growth of the B-cells in the immune system. These changes give rise to various conditions such as monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma, etc.

What do B-cells do, and what is the average count in blood?

B-cells create proteins to bind with the pathogens and neutralize the foreign substances to protect the body. They lock on to the pathogen surface to mark it as an invader for T-cells to destroy. The normal B-cell count lies in the range of 100-600 cells/µL, comprising 10-15% of total lymphocytes.