CD25 (Hairy Cell / Nhl Marker)

Leukaemia is of different types, and its progression varies depending on the severity of the condition. It is essential to diagnose the disease early to start a suitable therapy on time.

Fortunately, a CD25 marker test is a diagnostic technique that confirms the presence of both hairy cell leukaemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

Hairy cell leukaemia is a blood cancer that affects your bone marrow and triggers it to produce an abnormally high number of white blood cells. On the other hand, non-Hodgkins lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system resulting from tumours developing from white blood cells.

A cluster of differentiation (CD) 25 is a surface marker that belongs to the gene family of CD5, CD10, and CD19. All of these have a similar structure and function. This marker protein expresses itself on a natural killer cell and activates T-lymphocytes.

Since CD25 does not restrict any kind of receptors, it is possible to find its presence easily when the condition is present in the body. The surface protein has a high affinity toward the interleukin-2. Therefore, after binding to the receptor, the cascade process leads to the uncontrolled proliferation of T-cells.

CD25 marker test is an efficient way to diagnose cancers because it is present in more than 90% of malignant lymphomas. In addition, the NHL marker test helps monitor the treatment for non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

Apollo 24|7 offers a CD25 test, and you can observe the symptoms and get this test prescribed after an expert’s consultation. Below are some common symptoms of hairy cell leukaemia and non-Hodgkins lymphoma: 

• Constant fatigue and tiredness
• Bruising on the skin 
• Frequent occurrence of fever
• Vulnerable to mild infections 
• Difficulty in breathing
• Unexplained weight loss

In addition to this, non-Hodgkins lymphoma has some additional symptoms that include: 

• Rashes, lumps, and itchiness on the skin 
• Chest and abdominal pain
• Night sweats
• Coughing 
• Swollen lymph nodes 
• Loss of appetite

The technique used for the CD25 marker test is known as flow cytometry, and it is reliable because:

• Does rapid analysis of samples
• Analyses the events individually
• Results are easy to quantify
• Multiple parameters are taken into account
• Produces relevant statistical results

The hairy cell leukaemia test looks for the following parameters using the flow cytometry technique: 

• Cell tracking using a fluorescent probe
• Analysing small particles
• Functional analysis to monitor the treatment
• Organism identification
• Phenotyping of the samples
• Cell death analysis

The technique has low manual interference, making it free from any errors. Additionally, a CD25 marker test is a fusion of three segments: flow system, optics, and electronic signal interpretation.

As the sample passes through a thin sheath of fluid, it is illuminated by laser light. Thus, the light scatters by hitting the particles in the sample, and an electronic reader detects the scattered light. Finally, the interpretation of signals takes place in the computerised system.
 

Frequently asked questions

What are the causes of hairy cell leukaemia?

The CD25 test cannot determine the causes of hairy cell leukaemia. However, the general reason behind the condition could be the errors in the mutation. The mutation is such that the DNA instructs the bone marrow to accelerate the production of white blood cells. Additionally, these white blood cells are not functional and lead to leukaemia.

Who should go for a hairy cell leukaemia test?

There are plenty of risk factors to consider before taking a hairy cell leukaemia test. However, two primary reasons people should take the CD25 test and confirm the condition are:  People who work around high-intensity radiation without proper protective equipment Laboratory experts who work with x-ray machines throughout the day Cancer patients who are undergoing radiation therapy Chemical industry workers who are exposed to harmful chemicals daily Farmers who use harsh agricultural chemicals like pesticides and insecticides regularly

Who should go for the NHL marker test?

People who are at a high risk of developing non-Hodgkins lymphoma are: People in their senescent phase Individuals with a family history of blood cancer Anybody who works around radiation and chemicals regularly People with the weak immune system

What are the possible treatments after going for an NHL marker test?

The treatment for non-Hodgkins lymphoma depends on the stage of the disease, your age, and the type of NHL you are suffering from. Some conditions may not require immediate treatment because they are slowly progressing diseases. Some treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapy.

What is the primary method to prevent non-Hodgkins lymphoma?

People who have HIV are vulnerable to non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Hence, some of the methods to prevent this condition are:  Using barrier contraception during sexual intercourse Staying physically active Avoiding hepatitis C Preventing the use of illegal intravenous drugs Follow a nutritious diet regularly