Ganglioside Antibody Profile, IgM

Gangliosides are molecules that are found in smaller concentrations in the surface membranes of cells in several extraneural tissues. They have been linked to several biological functions in the nervous system, notably signal transduction, receptor function modification, cell adhesion and recognition, and growth regulation.

Autoantibodies to Gangliosides are a significant category of noncancer-related autoimmune peripheral neuropathies within immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies. Antibodies to Ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM1) have been linked to the motor or sensory neuropathies, especially Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN). Anti-GM1 antibodies might be IgM (Monoclonal or Polyclonal) or IgG.

Monoclonal antibodies against GM1 gangliosides are mostly linked to motor nerve diseases. Patients with IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy, Lower Motor Neuron Disease, and MMN commonly exhibit these.

A proportion of individuals with a type of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) characterised by Axonal neuropathy have Polyclonal anti-GM1 antibodies. They are also detected in MMN, although they are mostly, if not entirely, of the IgM class, whereas GBS has all three Ig classes.

These antibodies have been detected in both patients with connective tissue disorders and healthy individuals. Males are more likely to affected by MMN than females, which is characterised by progressively developing asymmetric weakening of the proximal or distal limb muscles. The multifocal conduction block of motor neurons is its defining feature. Anti-GM1 antibodies in MMN are primarily of the IgM class, and titres are elevated in 35-75% of individuals.

The findings of a Ganglioside Antibody Profile test may confirm a particular clinical diagnosis and may even predict therapeutic efficacy. This will be based on the distinct autoantibodies to Ganglioside being detected and the antibody titre in the right clinical setting.

In an adequate clinical setting, the existence of autoantibodies to Gangliosides, particularly high-titre GM1-IgM autoantibodies, may be supportive of the diagnosis of MMN and Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor (MADSAM) neuropathy. Interestingly, in individuals suspected of having MMN at the initial clinical evaluation, Ganglioside seropositivity is known to positively respond to immunotherapy.

Apollo Pharmacy offers a comprehensive Ganglioside Antibody Profile test. The following are some of the most crucial things you can do with Ganglioside Antibody Profile test results:

• Support an autoimmune neuropathy diagnosis  
• Check your Anti-GM1 antibody levels regularly to help your doctor build a treatment plan for your ailment 
• Measure and document variations in your Anti-GM1 antibody concentrations to learn more about how nutrition, overall fitness, exertion, and other factors affect your condition