BCR ABL Test Information and Procedure
Know about the abl test, why it is done, what to expect, how it affects the health, interpretation of the results and how to treat leukaemia.
Written by Dr. Md Yusuf Shareef
Reviewed by Dr. Dhankecha Mayank Dineshbhai MBBS
Last updated on 1st Sep, 2025
Introduction
If you or a loved one has been advised to take a BCR-ABL test, you might have questions about what it is, why it’s needed, and what to expect. This guide will help you understand the test in simple terms, so you can feel more informed and at ease.
What Is the BCR-ABL Test?
The BCR-ABL test is a specialised blood test used to detect a genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. This abnormality is linked to certain types of blood cancers, particularly:
- Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) in some cases
The test helps doctors diagnose these conditions, monitor treatment effectiveness, and check for disease recurrence.
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Why Is the BCR-ABL Test Done?
Your doctor may recommend this test if:
- You have symptoms of leukaemia (such as fatigue, unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, or easy bruising).
- You have been diagnosed with CML or ALL and need to monitor treatment progress.
- There’s a need to check if the disease has returned after treatment.
How Does the BCR-ABL Gene Affect Health?
Normally, our genes help cells grow and function properly. However, in some cases, two genes, BCR (Breakpoint Cluster Region) and ABL (Abelson), fuse abnormally due to a genetic mutation. This fusion creates the BCR-ABL gene, which produces an abnormal protein that causes uncontrolled growth of white blood cells, leading to leukaemia.
What to Expect During the Test?
The BCR-ABL test is a simple blood test, much like other routine blood tests. Here’s what happens:
1. Sample Collection – A healthcare professional will draw a small amount of blood from your arm.
2. Lab Analysis – The blood is sent to a specialised lab where technicians check for the presence of the BCR-ABL gene using techniques like:
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Detects tiny amounts of the abnormal gene.
- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) – Helps visualise the Philadelphia chromosome.
3. Results – Your doctor will explain the findings, which may take a few days to a week.
Understanding Your Test Results
It includes:
- Positive Result – Means the BCR-ABL gene is present, confirming CML or certain types of ALL.
- Negative Result – No BCR-ABL gene is detected, which may rule out these conditions.
- Quantitative Results – If you’re already undergoing treatment, the test measures the amount of BCR-ABL to see if therapy is working.
How Is BCR-ABL-Related Leukaemia Treated?
If diagnosed, treatment options may include:
- Targeted Therapy (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors - TKIs) – Drugs like Imatinib, Dasatinib, or Nilotinib block the abnormal protein and help control leukaemia.
- Chemotherapy or Radiation – Used in some cases.
- Bone Marrow Transplant – May be recommended for advanced cases.
Tips for Managing CML and Staying Healthy
If you have been diagnosed with CML, here are some ways to support your health:
- Take Medications as Prescribed – TKIs are highly effective but must be taken regularly.
- Monitor Side Effects – Some medications may cause fatigue, nausea, or swelling. Report any concerns to your doctor.
- Maintain a Healthy Diet – Eat nutrient-rich foods (leafy greens, lean proteins, whole grains) to support immunity.
- Stay Active – Light exercise, like walking or yoga, can improve energy levels.
- Regular Follow-ups – Keep up with blood tests and doctor visits to track progress.
When Should You Book a BCR-ABL Test?
If your doctor suspects leukaemia or wants to monitor your condition, they may recommend this test. You can easily schedule a BCR-ABL test through Apollo 24|7 for a hassle-free experience.
Final Thoughts
The BCR-ABL test is a crucial tool in diagnosing and managing certain blood cancers. While the idea of testing may seem overwhelming, early detection and proper treatment can make a significant difference. If you have concerns about leukaemia symptoms or need monitoring, consult your doctor and consider getting tested.
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Tarun Jindal
Uro Oncologist
14 Years • MS (AIIMS, New Delhi), MCh (Gold Medalist), Fellow, VUI, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA; Robotic and Laparoscopic surgeon
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Sandeep Muzumder
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
21 Years • MBBS (JIPMER, Pondicherry), MD (AIIMS, New Delhi)
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Ganesh Chandra Subudhi
Medical Oncologist
16 Years • MBBS, MD- General Medicine. DrNB- Medical Oncology (DNSH, Delhi ). Consultant - Medical Oncology at Apollo Cancer Centre, Bhubaneshwar.
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
Consult an Oncologist for Personalised Advice
Dr. Tarun Jindal
Uro Oncologist
14 Years • MS (AIIMS, New Delhi), MCh (Gold Medalist), Fellow, VUI, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA; Robotic and Laparoscopic surgeon
Kolkata
Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals , Kolkata, Kolkata
(125+ Patients)
Dr. Sandeep Muzumder
Radiation Specialist Oncologist
21 Years • MBBS (JIPMER, Pondicherry), MD (AIIMS, New Delhi)
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Ganesh Chandra Subudhi
Medical Oncologist
16 Years • MBBS, MD- General Medicine. DrNB- Medical Oncology (DNSH, Delhi ). Consultant - Medical Oncology at Apollo Cancer Centre, Bhubaneshwar.
Bhubaneswar
Apollo Hospitals Old Sainik School Road, Bhubaneswar
Dr. Gopal Kumar
Head, Neck and Thyroid Cancer Surgeon
15 Years • MBBS, MS , FARHNS ( Seoul, South Korea ), FGOLF ( MSKCC, New York )
Delhi
Apollo Hospitals Indraprastha, Delhi
(25+ Patients)
Dr Sunita Samleti
Oncologist
18 Years • M.D. (Pathology)- TN Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Mar 2005 M.B.B.S. Grant Medical College, Mumbai University, Mumbai, Oct 1999
Chinagadila
Apollo Hospitals Health City Unit, Chinagadila
