Lab Tests to Consider During Pregnancy
Discover the essential lab tests during pregnancy, including blood group, CBC, sugar screening, thyroid, HIV, hepatitis, and ultrasounds. Learn why they matter and how they help ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy.
Written by Dr. Mohammed Kamran
Reviewed by Dr. Rohinipriyanka Pondugula MBBS
Last updated on 3rd Sep, 2025
Congratulations on your pregnancy! This is an exciting journey, but it also comes with the responsibility of ensuring both you and your baby stay healthy. One of the best ways to monitor your health during pregnancy is through regular lab tests. These tests help detect any potential issues early, allowing for timely treatment and a smoother pregnancy.
In this article, we’ll discuss the key lab tests recommended during pregnancy, why they’re important, and how they help in keeping you and your baby safe.
Why Are Lab Tests Important During Pregnancy?
Pregnancy brings many changes to your body, and lab tests help doctors:
- Monitor your overall health.
- Detect infections or conditions that could affect your baby.
- Ensure your baby is growing well.
- Prevent complications like anaemia, gestational diabetes, or high blood pressure.
Regular testing ensures that any concerns are addressed early, giving you and your baby the best possible care.
Key Lab Tests During Pregnancy
1. Blood Group and Rh Factor Test
Why is it done?
- Determines your blood type (A, B, AB, or O) and Rh factor (positive or negative).
- If you’re Rh-negative and your baby is Rh-positive, your body may produce antibodies that can harm future
pregnancies.
What happens if Rh is negative?
- You may need an Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) shot around 28 weeks and after delivery to prevent complications.
2. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Why is it done?
- Checks for anaemia (low red blood cells), which can cause fatigue and increase the risk of preterm birth.
- Monitors white blood cells (for infections) and platelets (for clotting ability).
How to manage anaemia?
- Eat iron-rich foods (spinach, lentils, lean meats).
- Take iron supplements if prescribed.
3. Blood Sugar Tests (Gestational Diabetes Screening)
Why is it done?
- Screens for gestational diabetes, a temporary condition that can cause complications if untreated.
Tests include:
- Glucose Challenge Test (GCT): Done between 24-28 weeks. You drink a sugary solution, and blood is tested after an hour.
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): If GCT is high, this test confirms diabetes.
How to manage gestational diabetes?
- Follow a balanced diet (low sugar, high fibre).
- Exercise regularly.
- Monitor blood sugar levels as advised.
4. Urine Tests
Why is it done?
- Checks for urinary tract infections (UTIs), protein (sign of preeclampsia), or sugar (sign of diabetes).
Symptoms of UTI:
- Burning sensation while urinating.
- Frequent urination.
How to prevent UTIs?
- Drink plenty of water.
- Maintain good hygiene.
5. Thyroid Function Test (TFT)
Why is it done?
- Thyroid imbalances can lead to miscarriage, preterm birth, or developmental issues in the baby.
What if thyroid levels are abnormal?
- Medication can help regulate thyroid function safely during pregnancy.
6. Hepatitis B and C Tests
Why is it done?
- Hepatitis B and C can pass to the baby during delivery, leading to liver disease.
What if I test positive?
- Your baby will receive vaccines and immunoglobulin at birth to prevent infection.
7. HIV and Syphilis Tests
Why is it done?
- Early detection allows treatment to prevent transmission to the baby.
Treatment options:
- Antiretroviral therapy (for HIV).
- Antibiotics (for syphilis).
8. Rubella (German Measles) Immunity Test
Why is it done?
- Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause birth defects.
What if I’m not immune?
- Avoid contact with infected individuals.
- Get vaccinated after delivery (not during pregnancy).
9. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Test
When is it done?
- Between 35-37 weeks.
Why is it important?
- GBS bacteria can pass to the baby during delivery, causing serious infections.
What if I test positive?
- You’ll receive antibiotics during labour to protect the baby.
10. Ultrasound Scans
Why is it done?
- Confirms pregnancy, checks baby’s growth, and detects abnormalities.
Common scans:
- First-trimester scan (NT scan): Checks for Down syndrome risk.
- Anomaly scan (18-20 weeks): Examines the baby’s organs.
- Growth scan (third trimester): Monitors baby’s development.
Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy
- Eat a balanced diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins).
- Stay hydrated (drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily).
- Take prenatal vitamins (folic acid, iron, calcium).
- Exercise moderately (walking, prenatal yoga).
- Avoid smoking, alcohol, and excessive caffeine.
- Attend all prenatal check-ups.
When to Consult a Doctor?
If you experience:
- Severe nausea/vomiting.
- Heavy bleeding.
- Severe headaches or blurred vision (signs of preeclampsia).
- Reduced fetal movement.
Don’t hesitate to seek medical help immediately.
Book Your Pregnancy Tests with Apollo 24|7
Staying on top of your pregnancy health is easier with Apollo 24|7. You can:
- ✅ Schedule lab tests from home.
- ✅ Consult expert gynaecologists online.
- ✅ Get timely reports and guidance.
Book a test or consultation today!
Final Thoughts
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, and regular lab tests ensure you and your baby stay healthy. By following your
doctor’s advice and keeping up with recommended tests, you can enjoy a safe and happy pregnancy.
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
Consult a General Practitioner for Personalised Advice
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