- female
- 25 Years
- 29/01/2025
I'm trying to understand the results of my recent Widal test. The report shows Salmonella typhi O at 1:160 dilutions and Salmonella typhi H at 1:140 dilutions, plus Salmonella paratyphi AH and BH both at 1:120 dilutions. The impression says it's positive, so does that mean I have a typhoid infection? Could you explain what these numbers indicate? Also, Id really appreciate some advice on what kind of diet I should be following right now.
Answered by 1 Apollo Doctors
High Creatinine Levels in Blood
Creatinine Level 9: Indicates Severe Kidney Dysfunction
Proper Treatment:
- Dialysis: Recommended to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood.
- Medications: To manage underlying conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease.
- Lifestyle Changes: Dietary modifications, fluid restriction, and avoiding nephrotoxic substances.
Dialysis Options:
- Hemodialysis (HD):
- Suitable for acute kidney injury or temporary kidney failure.
- Typically performed in a hospital or dialysis center.
- Peritoneal Dialysis (PD):
- Suitable for patients with some residual kidney function.
- Can be performed at home.
- Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT):
- Suitable for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
Temporary or Permanent Dialysis:
- Temporary Dialysis: If your brother's kidney function is expected to recover, temporary dialysis (HD or PD) may be suitable.
- Permanent Dialysis: If your brother's kidney function is irreversibly damaged, permanent dialysis (HD or PD) or kidney transplantation may be necessary.
Dr. Anshul Suggests...
Consult a Infectious Disease specialist
Answered 04/07/2025
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View allI'm dealing with this recurring infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and it keeps showing up every couple of months since it first appeared in January 2019. I've had it in various placeslike my knee, finger, chin, nose, and scrotum. Even after seeing multiple doctors and taking antibiotics like Linezolid and Clarithromycin, the infection just popped up again on my right scrotum, and every time it brings on a fever. I've even had surgery for a carbuncle on my knee under anesthesia. The pus and blood cultures both came back positive for Staph A, but my nasal swab results were negative both times, and blood cultures were too. I'm really struggling to figure out why this keeps happening and would appreciate any guidance on how to stop these infections from coming back. What could be causing this, and is there anything specific I should be doing to prevent it?
Recurring Staphylococcus aureus infections indicate a persistent underlying issue. To address this, consider: Medical Evaluation 1. Comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) to rule out diabetes, kidney issues, or electrolyte imbalances. 2. Complete blood count (CBC) to assess immune function. 3. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to monitor inflammation. 4. Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility testing to determine antibiotic resistance patterns. 5. Nasal swab and skin cultures to identify potential carriers. Infection Prevention Strategies 1. Personal Hygiene: Frequent handwashing, showering, and cleaning. 2. Skin Care: Moisturize, avoid irritants, and use antibacterial soap. 3. Antibiotic Stewardship: Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. 4. Immunizations: Ensure up-to-date on influenza, pneumococcal, and tetanus vaccines. 5. Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises. Root Cause Investigation 1. Carrier State: Nasal or skin colonization. 2. Underlying Conditions: Diabetes, eczema, or other skin conditions. 3. Environmental Factors: Contaminated surfaces or water. 4. Genetic Predisposition: Family history of Staph infections. Treatment Considerations 1. Long-term Antibiotics: Consider oral antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline or minocycline) for 6-12 months. 2. Topical Treatments: Antibiotic ointments or creams. 3. Surgical Intervention: Drainage or debridement for severe infections. Recommended Specialists 1. Infectious Disease Specialist 2. Dermatologist 3. Orthopedic Surgeon (for skin and soft tissue infections)
Answered by 1 Apollo Doctors
Is there a chance of HIV transmission if the outside of the condom touches my penis after ejaculation? I'm a bit worried about this and just want to understand the risks.
HIV transmission risk is very low in this scenario, as the outer side of the condom would only be exposed to semen after ejaculation, and HIV requires direct contact with mucous membranes or open wounds to transmit. However, it's always good to be cautious about condom integrity and handling to reduce any potential risk.
Answered by 1 Apollo Doctors
I'm feeling really stressed and confused about a recent potential HIV exposure. I had protected sex with a prostitute on December 26th, 2021, and today is January 17th, 2022. I've been reading a lot about symptoms online, and it's freaking me out. I took an HIV test (4th generation abag p24) on the 10th day after the exposure, and it came back non-reactive, with an index value of 0.12. Does this mean I'm in the clear, or do I need to take another test on the 28th day, like my doctor suggested? He mentioned that if I'm negative on the 28th day, I can just move on, but I'm still unsure. Can you help clarify this for me?
Stay calm, follow your doctors advice, and get the test done at 28 days. It's likely that you are HIV negative, but waiting for the additional test will help to definitively confirm it. Avoid reading too much online about symptoms, as it may only increase stress and anxiety.
Answered by 1 Apollo Doctors
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Disclaimer: Answers on Apollo 247 are not intended to replace your doctor advice. Always seek help of a professional doctor in case of an medical emergency or ailment.